Can MIND Diet Lower Risk of Memory Problems Later in Life?

People whose diet more closely resembles the MIND diet may have a lower risk of cognitive impairment, according to a study published in the September 18, 2024, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. Results were similar for Black and white participants. These results do not prove that the MIND diet prevents cognitive impairment, they only show an association.

The MIND diet is a combination of the Mediterranean and DASH diets. It includes green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale and collard greens along with other vegetables. It recommends whole grains, olive oil, poultry, fish, beans and nuts. It prioritizes berries over other fruits and recommends one or more servings of fish per week.

“With the number of people with dementia increasing with the aging population, it’s critical to find changes that we can make to delay or slow down the development of cognitive problems,” said study author Russell P. Sawyer, MD, of the University of Cincinnati in Ohio and member of the American Academy of Neurology. “We were especially interested to see whether diet affects the risk of cognitive impairment in both Black and white study participants.”

The study involved 14,145 people with an average age of 64. Of participants, 70% were white and 30% were Black. They were followed for an average of 10 years.

Participants filled out a questionnaire on their diet over the past year. Researchers looked at how closely the foods people were eating matched the MIND diet.

One point was given for each of the following: three or more daily servings of whole grains; six or more weekly servings of green leafy vegetables; one or more daily servings of other vegetables; two or more weekly servings of berries; one or more weekly servings of fish; two or more weekly servings of poultry; three weekly servings of beans; five daily servings of nuts; four or fewer weekly servings of red meat; one or fewer weekly servings of fast or fried foods; one or more weekly servings of olive oil; and one or fewer tablespoons of butter or margarine daily; five or fewer weekly servings of pastries and sweets; and one glass per day of wine. The total points possible was 12.

Researchers then divided participants into three groups. The low group had an average diet score of five, the middle group had an average score of seven and the high group had an average score of nine.

Thinking and memory skills were measured at the beginning and end of the study.

During the study, cognitive impairment developed in 532 people, or 12% of 4,456 people in the low diet group; in 617 people, or 11% of 5,602 people in the middle group; and in 402 people, or 10% of the 4,086 people in the high group.

After adjusting for factors such as age, high blood pressure and diabetes, researchers found people in the high group had a 4% decreased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those in the low group.

When looking at male and female participants, researchers found a 6% decreased risk of cognitive impairment for female participants who most closely followed the diet but no decreased risk for male participants.

Researchers also looked at how quickly people’s thinking skills declined as they developed problems. They found that people who more closely followed the MIND diet declined more slowly than those who did not, and that association was stronger in Black participants than in white participants.

“These findings warrant further study, especially to examine these varying impacts among men and women and Black and white people, but it’s exciting to consider that people could make some simple changes to their diet and potentially reduce or delay their risk of cognitive issues,” said Sawyer.

A limitation of the study was it included only older Black and white people so results may not be the same for other populations.

Reference:

Russell P. Sawyer, Jessica Blair, Rhonna Shatz, Jennifer J. Manly, Suzanne E. Judd. Association of Adherence to a MIND-Style Diet With the Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Decline in the REGARDS Cohort. Neurology, 2024; 103 (8) DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209817.

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Minimally Invasive Procedures Effective in Reducing Pain and Improving Function in Osteoarthritis Patients: Study

Researchers have found that minimally invasive interventional procedures, namely radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), did reduce the levels of pain and improve the functionality of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic sacroiliac pain of degenerative origin. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of such treatments on various anatomical locations by comparing RCTs and NRSI. The study was recently published in the journal Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism by Jacopo C. and colleagues.

PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched systematically for both RCTs and NRSI. The searched studies included patients with osteoarthritis or chronic sacroiliac pain treated with RFA or TAE. Findings were summarized according to anatomical treatment site: knee, hip, foot and ankle, shoulder, hand and wrist, and sacroiliac joints. The primary outcome assessed was the change in pain intensity score as measured by the 0–10 VAS, comparing baseline with one month, and follow-up assessments at three, six, and twelve months. Assessments of improvements in functional status were also conducted. Pooled estimates were estimated as the mean difference (MD) versus baseline, along with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For added strength, the analyses were performed separately for RCTs and NRSI.

Results

From 4,599 articles obtained, 164 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, and of these, 111 studies (38 RCTs and 73 NRSI) were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, one article was specific to patients with inflammatory arthritis. Significant decreases in pain intensity were seen for both RFA and TAE at all post-procedure timepoints by comparison in meta-analysis.

RCT meta-analysis: At one month post procedure:

  • Knee RFA: MD in VAS was -3.98 (-4.41 to -3.55; 21 studies).

  • Sacroiliac joints RFA: MD in VAS was -3.18 (-3.96 to -2.39; 8 studies).

NRSI meta-analysis:

  • Knee RFA: MD in VAS was -4.12 (-4.63 to -3.61; 23 studies).

  • Knee TAE: MD in VAS was -3.84 (-4.77 to -2.92; 7 studies).

  • Hip RFA: MD in VAS was -4.34 (-4.96 to -3.71; 2 studies).

  • Shoulder RFA: MD in VAS was -3.83 (-4.52 to -3.15; 3 studies).

  • Sacroiliac joints RFA: MD in VAS was -4.93 (-5.58 to -4.28; 14 studies).

Pain reduction was additional at the three, six, and twelve-month mark post-intervention. The functional status of the patients also improved at all time points assessed, thus complementing the clinical and treatment indications of these interventions.

Minimally invasive interventional procedures, like RFA and TAE, will bestow many benefits in reducing pain and improvement of the patients’ functional status with OA or chronic sacroiliac joint pain. Such findings would justify the integration of such treatments into clinical practice, especially for patients who are searching for non-surgical alternatives. Further studies would be necessary to affirm the effectiveness of such procedures within the management of inflammatory arthritis.

Reference:

Ciaffi, J., Papalexis, N., Vanni, E., Miceli, M., Faldini, C., Scotti, L., Zambon, A., Salvarani, C., Caporali, R., Facchini, G., & Ursini, F. (2024). Minimally invasive interventional procedures for osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 68(152525), 152525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152525

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High-Intensity NPPV Reduces Intubation Need in COPD Patients with Persistent Hypercapnia: JAMA

A new study published in the Journal of American Medical Association found that acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may require less endotracheal intubation when high-intensity noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is used to treat persistent hypercapnia.

Due to the uncertainty around how high-intensity noninvasive positive pressure ventilation affects patients who have an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in terms of the necessity for endotracheal intubation. Thus, this study by Zujin Luo and colleagues was to ascertain if endotracheal intubation is less necessary in patients facing an acute exacerbation of COPD and hypercapnia when high-intensity NPPV is used as opposed to low-intensity NPPV.

This randomized clinical study that took place in 30 general respiratory non-intensive care unit wards in Chinese hospitals between January 3, 2019, and January 31, 2022 following by a 90-day follow-up was on April 22, 2022. Following 6 hours of low-intensity NPPV, the patients included experienced an acute exacerbation of COPD and a Paco2 level higher than 45 mm Hg. In a 1:1 randomization, patients were assigned to either receive low-intensity NPPV with inspiratory positive airway pressure modified to obtain a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg to 10 mL/kg of anticipated body weight (n = 153) or high-intensity NPPV with inspiratory positive airway pressure adjusted to obtain a tidal volume of 10 mL/kg to 15 mL/kg of predicted body weight (n = 147).

The individuals in the low-intensity NPPV group were eligible to transition to the high-intensity NPPV group if they satisfied the predetermined requirements for endotracheal intubation. As determined by predetermined criteria, the main outcome was the requirement for endotracheal intubation while the patient was in the hospital. One of the 15 predetermined secondary outcomes was endotracheal intubation.

Following an interim study of the first 300 patients, the data and safety monitoring board and trial steering committee decided to stop the experiment, where all 300 of the patients finished the experiment. The primary outcome of satisfying prespecified criteria for the requirement for endotracheal intubation took place in 7 of 147 patients (4.8%) in the high-intensity NPPV group and 21 of 153 (13.7%) in the low-intensity NPPV group. However, the rates of endotracheal intubation were not substantially different across the groups. The high-intensity NPPV group had a higher incidence of abdominal distension than the low-intensity NPPV group. Overall, in the high-intensity NPPV group, the likelihood of patients with COPD and chronic hypercapnia meeting the requirements for endotracheal intubation was much lower.

Source:

Effect of high-intensity vs low-intensity noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on the need for endotracheal intubation in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The HAPPEN randomized clinical trial. (2024). JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15815

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Roflumilast Cream Safe and Effective in Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: JAMA

According to the recent study published in the Journal of American Medical Association, a new topical treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) has been shown as a safe, effective, and well-tolerated option for patients with this chronic skin condition. This two phase 3 clinical trials, titled INTEGUMENT-1 and INTEGUMENT-2, evaluated the efficacy and safety of roflumilast cream, 0.15% and compared to a vehicle (placebo) cream, with findings suggesting significant improvement in AD symptoms after just four weeks of use.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects millions of people globally, causing itchy, red, and inflamed skin. Despite the prevalence of the condition, long-term treatment options remain limited, and adherence rates are often low due to side effects or lack of effectiveness. Roflumilast is a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor and has emerged as a potential alternative with its once-daily topical formulation.

In the INTEGUMENT-1 and INTEGUMENT-2 trials, a total of 1,337 patients, aged 6 and above, from the United States, Canada, and Poland were enrolled. These patients had mild to moderate AD, as determined by the Validated Global Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis to measure disease severity. These participants were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either receive roflumilast cream, 0.15%, or vehicle cream for four weeks.

The primary outcome measured was the success rate on the Validated Investigator Global Assessment (VIGA) for Atopic Dermatitis. This required a score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) plus an improvement of at least two grades from the baseline assessment by week 4. The results found 32% of patients in the INTEGUMENT-1 trial and 28.9% in the INTEGUMENT-2 trial who used roflumilast to achieve the primary endpoint when compared to 15.2% and 12.0% of the ones using the vehicle cream, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (P < .001).

Secondary outcomes, such as reductions in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and improvements in the Worst Itch Numeric Rating Scale, also favored roflumilast. Over 43% of patients in the INTEGUMENT-1 trial and 42% in INTEGUMENT-2 experienced at least a 75% reduction in EASI scores, a marked improvement when compared to 22% and 19.7% in the vehicle groups.

Also, roflumilast cream was well tolerated by patients. More than 95% of participants reported no irritation at the application site, and 90% noted no or only mild sensations upon use. Adverse events were rare, further strengthening its safety profile. Overall, these trials highlight roflumilast cream as a promising option for patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.

Source:

Simpson, E. L., Eichenfield, L. F., Alonso-Llamazares, J., Draelos, Z. D., Ferris, L. K., Forman, S. B., Gooderham, M., Gonzalez, M. E., Hebert, A. A., Kircik, L. H., Lomaga, M., Moore, A., Papp, K. A., Prajapati, V. H., Hanna, D., Snyder, S., Krupa, D., Burnett, P., Almaraz, E., … Berk, D. R. (2024). Roflumilast Cream, 0.15%, for Atopic Dermatitis in Adults and Children. In JAMA Dermatology. American Medical Association (AMA). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.3121

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Osseodensification improves implant success and stability without compromising crestal bone levels, finds study

Researchers have found in a new study that Osseodensification improves osseointegration, reduces surgical trauma, and preserves bone, making it a valuable technique for implant placement in a low-density bone where poor primary implant stability is expected. The study has been published in the Journal of prosthetic Dentistry.

This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed how implant stability and crestal bone level vary in a low-density bone in osseodensification osteotomy and conventional osteotomy. The SCOPUS, PUBMED, and Google Scholar databases were searched, along with a manual search, for articles published between January 2013 and January 2024. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to select the studies for review. A total of 5 studies were included in this systematic review. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools were used to conduct the risk of assessment of the included articles, and forest plots were generated for the included articles (α=.05). Results: The data were assimilated from a small sample size of 109 patients and 198 implants. The meta-analysis found that osseodensification resulted in significantly higher implant stability quotient (P<.05) values at baseline and follow-up, while the crestal bone level changes were not found to be significant (P>.05) at baseline or on follow-up visits. The osseodensification drilling protocol displayed an advantage over the conventional drilling protocol regarding higher primary stability and secondary stability, as well as bone expansion in low-density bone. No significant difference in crestal bone loss was found in either technique at baseline or at follow-up.

Reference:

Kalra J, Dhawan P, Jain N. Implant stability and crestal bone level in osseodensification and conventional drilling protocols: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2024 Aug 26:S0022-3913(24)00524-9. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.07.036. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39191537.

Keywords:

Osseodensification, improves, implant, success, stability, compromising, crestal, bone, levels,Kalra J, Dhawan P, Jain N

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ICMR invites applications for Short, long-term fellowships abroad 2024-2025, know all Details

 Delhi: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has invited applications for applications for Short and long-term fellowships abroad 2024-2025. The Last Date to submit the Application is October 31, 2024.

One of the major mandates of DHR is to augment the capacity strengthening of Indian scientists. This ICMR-DHR international fellowship program is intended to create a pool of talented health research personnel by facilitating advanced training and exposure to the latest advancements in knowledge through interaction with international scientists in emerging areas of clinical/medicine/health sciences.

I. Short Term Fellowships Abroad

Duration of Fellowships: Two weeks to 3 months

Number of Fellowships: Fifteen (15) fellowships

Age limit: Below 57 years as on last date of receipt of application

II. Long Term Fellowships Abroad

Duration of Fellowships: 6 to 12 months

Number of Fellowships: Fifteen (15) fellowships

Age limit: Below 45 years as on last date of receipt of application

Applications should be submitted online through the portal on ICMR/DHR websites HRD Scheme Guidelines. Details of the eligibility criteria, format of application, terms and conditions, and guidelines of the Fellowships are available on ICMR and DHR websites.

Last date of receipt of applications: 31st October, 2024

ICMR/DHR has approached some high ranking global universities and the following have agreed to consider candidates under the programme. Links to these leading foreign Institutes/Research centres is given below for ready reference to explore the training opportunities. It may be noted that the applicant is required to contact a suitable foreign mentor and seek his/her consent.

I. SHORT-TERM FELLOWSHIPS ABROAD (15 days – 3 months)

To avail specialized training to excel in a niche area of interest for a period of 15 days to 3 months in the field of biomedical research and technology and strengthen the capacity of regular Indian faculty/researcher.

Eligibility:

1. The applicant should be a citizen of India and working in the country.

2. The applicant should possess an M.D./M.S./Ph.D. degree (M.D./M.S./M.D.S. or MBBS/BDS/M VSc./M.Sc./M. Pharma/M. Tech or equivalent with Ph.D. in health/biomedical research) with at least fifteen years of experience (for availing the fellowship for 15 days) and at least ten years of experience (for availing the fellowship for 1-3 months) in teaching/research in a recognized Institute after obtaining the requisite qualification.

3. The application should be forwarded by the Employer/Head of the Institution with a statement that the candidate will be considered as a full-time employee of the Institution during the period of his/her fellowship and if selected, the Institute on receiving the funds from ICMR-DHR will disburse the fellowship amount and other expenses to the fellow as stated under the “Financial Support” following the ICMR-DHR norms.

4. The applicant should submit a letter of acceptance from the host Institute where he/she proposes to work during the fellowship.

5. The applicant should submit a plan of proposed training for availing the fellowship in the prescribed format.

6. The recognition letter from the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) for candidates belonging to Private Colleges/Universities should be submitted.

7. The applicant should not have availed any similar fellowship from any agency of the Government of India/State Govts in the last 3 years. Age Limit: Below 57 years as on the last date of receipt of application.

Financial Support:

1. A stipend of US $3000 per month which includes accommodation and other expenses.

2. Return economy class excursion airfare through the shortest route. Air ticket bookings should be done through the GoI authorised travel agents viz. Balmer Lawrie & Company Limited (BLCL); Ashok Travels & Tours (ATT); Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd (IRCTC).

3. Contingency grant reimbursable on submission of original receipts/bills on return as follows:

i) A maximum of Rs. 75,000/- which includes the cost of visa, SEVIS fee, taxi charges from place of duty to airport and back.

ii) A maximum of Rs. 20,000/- for overseas medi claim insurance expenses.

II. LONG-TERM FELLOWSHIP ABROAD (6-12 months)

Long-Term Training (6 to 12 Months) Fellowships at Foreign Institutions for persons employed as regular faculty having at least three years of experience in the college/institute as a regular employee, not above the age of 45 years.

Eligibility:

1. The applicant should be a citizen of India and working in the country.

2. The applicant should possess an M.D./M.S./Ph.D. degree (M.D./M.S./M.D.S. or MBBS/BDS/MVSc./M.Sc./M.Pharma/M.Tech or equivalent with Ph.D. in health/biomedical research) with at least three years teaching/research experience in a recognized Institute after obtaining the requisite qualification.

3. The application should be forwarded by the Employer/Head of the Institution with a statement that the candidate will be considered as a full-time employee of the Institution during the period of his/her fellowship.

4. The applicant should submit a letter of acceptance from the host Institute where he/she proposes to work during the fellowship.

5. The applicant should submit a proposed plan of training for availing the fellowship.

6. Candidates belonging to private colleges/universities have to submit a recognition letter from the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).

7. The applicant should not have availed any similar fellowship from any agency of the Government of India/State Govts in the last 3 years.

Age Limit: Below 45 years as on the last date of receipt of application.

Financial Support:

1. A stipend of US $3000 per month which includes accommodation and other expenses.

2. Return economy class excursion airfare through the shortest route. Air ticket bookings should be done through the Government of India authorised travel agents viz. Balmer Lawrie & Company Limited (BLCL); Ashok Travels & Tours (ATT); Indian Railways Catering a0nd Tourism Corporation Ltd (IRCTC).

3. Contingency grant reimbursable on submission of original receipts/bills on return as follows:

i) A maximum of Rs. 75,000/- which includes the cost of visa, SEVIS fee, taxi charges from place of duty to airport and back.

ii) A maximum of Rs. 20,000/- for overseas medi claim insurance expenses.

SPECIFIC TERMS AND CONDITIONS TO GOVERN SHORT/LONG TERM FELLOWSHIP ABROAD

1. The individual scientist availing this Fellowship would be addressed as an DHR-ICMR International Fellow (DHR-ICMR IF).

2. The candidates should correspond with the International Institute/Laboratory to be visited for their placement. A letter of acceptance from the Institute to be visited overseas is required to be produced along with the application form. Once selected, the Fellow will not be allowed to change the mentor/foreign lab other than the one mentioned in the application.

3. DHR ,through ICMR, will release the grant (stipend of US$ 3000 per month; Contingency; Mediclaim Insurance; Return Airfare) to the Fellow’s parent Indian institute upon receipt of the following:

i. Copy of Mandate form (duly filled in) of Institute.

ii.Copy of cancelled cheque of the Institute.

4. It will be the responsibility of the Parent Indian institute to disburse the following mentioned financial support to the Fellow upon completion of all formalities.

i Advance stipend of US$ 3000 per month to Fellow and the balance of 10% stipend should be granted on return after completion of fellowship duration and due adjustment on submission of utilization certificate/original receipts.

ii Return economy class excursion airfare through shortest route. Air tickets booking should be done by the Government of India authorised travel agents viz. Balmer Lawrie & Company Limited (BLCL); Ashok Travels & Tours (ATT); Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd (IRCTC)

iii Contingency grant reimbursable on submission of original receipts/bills on return as follows:

a. A of maximum of Rs. 75,000/- which includes the cost of visa, SEVIS fee, taxi charges from place of duty to airport and back.

b. A maximum of Rs. 20,000/- for overseas Mediclaim insurance expenses.

Any additional charges made mandatory by the concerned foreign country, incurred as part of obtaining the visa will be assessed by ICMR on a case-by-case basis which may be reimbursed within the maximum limit of Rs. 75,000/-.

5. Parent institute may continue to pay salary and other benefits such as leave, medical gratuity, GPF, pension as applicable to the fellow candidate while he/ she is away for the fellowship as per the parent Institute’s rules/norms. No liability on any of these accounts will be borne by ICMR-DHR.

6. The Fellows will be required to execute a will/legal/service bond of Rs. 5.00 lakh to the parent Institute that he/she belongs to and will serve the parent Indian Institute for a period of at least 3 years after return from International fellowship.

7. If the Fellow does not return to India on completion of the fellowship or fails to fulfill any of the above requirements, he/she will be liable to reimburse the whole of the expenditure incurred during the fellowship period, including the airfare, from the Guarantors in one lump sum within one month of the completion of the term of the Fellowship and remit it to the parent institute. An undertaking to this effect on a Rs.50/- non-judicial stamp paper however will be required to be submitted by the Guarantors to the parent institute, in case of selection of Fellow.

8. The Parent institute should ensure that following formalities/documents are completed/submitted by the Fellow to the institute before release of funds to the candidate:

i. Political clearance for the visit.

ii. A copy of VISA.

iii. Service/legal bond for Rs. 5.00 lacs to the parent Institute (Ref. pt. 6 above)

iv. Undertaking by 2 guarantors on Rs. 50/- non-judicial stamp paper (Ref. pt. 7 above)

v. Copy of Passport details

9. The Fellow should submit a final work report (in the prescribed format) on the research and training activities undertaken in the foreign Laboratory/Institute during the fellowship period. This should be submitted to the Parent institute (with a copy to ICMR) within 2 weeks of his/her return to India.

10. A progress report (in the prescribed format) evaluating the performance of the Young fellow by the Foreign Mentor from the host institution should also be submitted to the parent institute (with a copy to ICMR).

11. The Utilisation Certificate (in the prescribed format) should be submitted by the Fellow to the parent institute within 2 weeks of return for final adjustment of stipend/bills.

12. Total claim bills on the budget head of fellowship will be reimbursed not exceeding the specified amount. 

13. The fellowship should begin within the same financial year and must be completed before 31st March of the next year. Dates once decided will be treated as final.

14. In the event of cancellation of travel ticket due to change of the date of visit/change of sector of journey or any other reasons, the cancellation charges and difference of farewill be met by the Fellow.

15. DHR and ICMR will not be liable for anything whatsoever including GOI clearances, medical insurance etc., beyond the approved duration of stay of Fellow in the foreign country.

16. In case a Fellow withdraws/refuses to undertake the fellowship at the last minute he/she will be “de-barred” for succeeding two years from availing the DHR-ICMR International fellowship.

17. The parent Indian institute should submit the following to ICMR within 30 days of the Fellow’s return to India:

i. Utilisation Certificate (in the prescribed format)

ii. Original receipts submitted by the Fellow

iii. Report of the Foreign Mentor

iv. Progress Report submitted by Fellow.

Selection Criteria

Screening of applications will be done by ICMR and the short listed candidates will be considered by the Selection Committee for awarding the fellowship. The selection of the candidate will be based on evaluation of the merit of the candidate and the training needs in the field of medical research by a Committee of eminent scientists.

To view the official Notice, Click here :  https://medicaldialogues.in/pdf_upload/icmr-dhr-international-fellowship-call-open-for-year-2024-25-253101.pdf

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Global prevalence of short-sightedness in children and teens set to top 740 million cases by 2050, says study

Around one in three children and teens around the world is short (near)-sighted, with the global prevalence of myopia set to top 740 million cases by 2050 in this age group, finds a pooled data analysis of the available evidence, published online in the British Journal of Ophthalmology.

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Women still missing out on treatment for cardiovascular disease, despite major progress in disease management

Women in the UK, and elsewhere, are still missing out on vital treatment for their No 1 killer—cardiovascular disease—despite significant progress in the medical management of heart disease and stroke, concludes a consensus statement published online in the journal Heart.

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Emotion enhances memory for contextual details, research demonstrates

Researchers at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology have demonstrated that emotion enhances memory for contextual details, challenging the view that emotion impairs the ability to remember such information.

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Clinical trial results show low-intensity therapy can achieve positive outcomes for certain pediatric leukemia subtypes

Clinical trial results from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital demonstrate the benefits of using genomics and early treatment response to guide risk classification of children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).

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