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Postoperative hypothermia is a prevalent issue among non-cardiac surgery patients that can have serious consequences but often goes unaddressed. To address this problem, a study was conducted to identify risk factors for postoperative hypothermia in this patient population. Recently published study analyzed various factors contributing to postoperative hypothermia, focusing on age, BMI, ASA classification, type of surgery, blood loss, fluid administration, blood transfusion, anesthesia and surgery duration as potential risk factors.

Risk Factors for Postoperative Hypothermia

The analysis revealed that age over 60 years, BMI less than 18.5 kg/m², ASA III-IV classification, endoscopic surgery, blood loss exceeding 100 ml, intravenous fluid administration over 1000 ml, blood transfusion, anesthesia time longer than 60 minutes, and surgery time exceeding 60 minutes were associated with an increased risk of postoperative hypothermia. Elderly patients are particularly vulnerable due to reduced subcutaneous fat and thermoregulatory function. Patients with high body fat are at a lower risk due to increased metabolic rate, while those with low BMI are more prone to hypothermia. The study emphasized the importance of proper temperature management for elderly and high-risk patients. It highlighted the impact of longer anesthesia and surgery times on hypothermia risk, suggesting that prolonged exposure to anesthetic drugs and low-temperature environments can lead to heat loss. Endoscopic surgeries were found to increase the risk of hypothermia due to continuous insufflation and irrigation, leading to heat loss. Fluid rehydration exceeding 1000 ml and blood loss over 100 ml were also identified as significant predictors of hypothermia. Despite the comprehensive analysis, the study acknowledged limitations such as potential language bias, incomplete data, and a focus on adult non-cardiac surgery patients. The findings emphasize the need for tailored interventions and proactive measures to prevent postoperative hypothermia in at-risk populations. The quality of evidence for identified risk factors varied from very low to low, with intraoperative blood loss emerging as a key predictor. The study underscores the importance of early identification and management of high-risk individuals to mitigate complications and enhance patient outcomes following non-cardiac surgeries.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into risk factors for postoperative hypothermia in non-cardiac surgery patients, offering a foundation for developing effective management protocols. Recognizing and addressing these risk factors early on can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the incidence of postoperative hypothermia in this population.

Key Points

– Age over 60 years, BMI less than 18.5 kg/m², ASA III-IV classification, endoscopic surgery, blood loss exceeding 100 ml, intravenous fluid administration over 1000 ml, blood transfusion, anesthesia time longer than 60 minutes, and surgery time exceeding 60 minutes were identified as risk factors for postoperative hypothermia.

– Elderly patients are more vulnerable to hypothermia due to reduced subcutaneous fat and thermoregulatory function, while patients with high body fat have a lower risk because of an increased metabolic rate.

– Prolonged anesthesia and surgery times contribute to hypothermia risk by exposing patients to heat loss in low-temperature environments.

– Endoscopic surgeries increase the risk of hypothermia through continuous insufflation and irrigation, leading to heat loss. – Factors like fluid rehydration exceeding 1000 ml and blood loss over 100 ml were significant predictors of postoperative hypothermia.

– The study highlights the importance of tailored interventions and proactive measures to prevent postoperative hypothermia in high-risk populations, emphasizing the need for early identification and management of at-risk individuals to enhance patient outcomes following non-cardiac surgeries.

Reference –

Ruyi Tan et al. (2025). Risk Factors For Postoperative Hypothermia In Non-Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. *BMC Anesthesiology*, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-025-03089-9.

Recent study focused on predicting short birth intervals (defined as less than 33 months) among reproductive-age women in East Africa, using supervised machine learning (ML) models to identify key determinants. Utilized recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from 11 East African countries, including Uganda and Ethiopia, with a sample size of 100,246 women who had at least two consecutive live births. Implemented a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique to ensure representation of both urban and rural populations. Employed various techniques, including data cleaning, normalization, feature selection through Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), and handling missing data via mode imputation. Continuous variables were discretized for improved model interpretability. Utilized Python libraries (Pandas, scikit-learn) to build models, including Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), and Naive Bayes (NB). The dataset was split into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets for evaluation. The Random Forest model achieved the highest accuracy (79.4%), precision (79.0%), recall (91%), and F1-score (84%), outperforming DT and LR. Important factors included: – -Age-: Women aged 15-24 had higher risks of short birth intervals. Higher risks were associated with having 2-3 children. Women from poorer households exhibited increased rates of short intervals. Lack of education correlated with shorter birth spacing. Limited access and exposure influenced family planning decisions. The reliance on self-reported data from DHS, which could lead to potential biases. The findings may not fully represent populations in regions not included in the study. Although supervised ML models were effective, the inherent complexity might not be easily interpretable for public health practitioners. The study successfully applied machine learning to predict short birth intervals and uncover significant determinants, emphasizing the need for enhanced family planning services and maternal education in East Africa. Recommendations included integrating ML models into public health strategies to inform policy-making and improve maternal and child health outcomes. The research underscores the importance of addressing underlying socioeconomic factors to improve birth spacing practices.

Key Points

– -Data Utilization and Methodology-: Analyzed data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) across 11 East African countries, focusing on a robust sample of 100,246 women with at least two consecutive live births. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling ensured diverse representation from urban and rural areas.

– -Data Processing Techniques-: Implemented comprehensive data preprocessing methods, including cleaning and normalization, feature selection via Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), and mode imputation for missing values. Continuous variables were transformed for better model interpretability.

– -Modeling Approach-: Employed various supervised machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes, utilizing Python libraries for model development. The dataset was partitioned into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets, facilitating thorough evaluation of model performance.

– -Performance Metrics-: The Random Forest model demonstrated superior efficacy, achieving an accuracy of 79.4%, precision of 79.0%, recall of 91%, and an F1-score of 84%, surpassing the performance of the other modeling approaches.

– -Determinants of Short Birth Intervals-: Identified critical factors influencing short birth intervals, highlighting that younger women (15-24 years), those with 2-3 children, lower socioeconomic status, lack of maternal education, and restricted access to healthcare and media exposure were significantly associated with increased risks of shorter birth spacing.

– -Recommendations and Policy Implications-: Encouraged the integration of machine learning techniques into public health frameworks to enhance family planning services and promote maternal education. The study emphasized addressing socioeconomic factors to improve birth-spacing practices and overall maternal and child health outcomes in East Africa.

Reference –

Tirualem Zeleke Yehuala et al. (2025). Exploring Machine Learning Algorithms To Predict Short Birth Intervals And Identify Its Determinants Among Reproductive-Age Women In East Africa. *BMC Pregnancy And Childbirth*, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07668-z.

New Delhi: In response to a proposal submitted by Ravenbhel Healthcare of the fixed dose combination (FDC) pulmonary drug Bilastine 10 mg plus Montelukast Sodium IP eq. to Montelukast 4 mg per 5 mL oral solution, the Subject Expert Committee (SEC) under the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) has recommended inviting a pediatrician for a detailed discussion on the matter.