Mazdutide Shows Superior Efficacy Over Semaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes with Obesity: Study

Researchers have found in a new DREAMS-3 trial, that GLP-1/GCG dual receptor agonist mazdutide outperformed semaglutide in reducing HbA1c levels and body weight among patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. The primary endpoint-proportion of participants achieving HbA1c <7% and ≥10% weight loss-was significantly higher with mazdutide, demonstrating its superiority in glycemic control and weight reduction.

The results demonstrated that, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, mazdutide showed superior efficacy to semaglutide on the primary endpoint—the proportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 7.0% and ≥10% body weight reduction from baseline at week 32 (48.0 vs. 21.0%, p<0.0001). In addition, at week 32, the mean change in HbA1c from baseline was −2.03% in the mazdutide group and −1.84% in semaglutide group, respectively, and the mean percentage weight reduction from baseline was 10.29% in the mazdutide group and 6.00% in the semaglutide group, respectively (both p<0.05). During the study, the overall safety profile of mazdutide was consistent with previous clinical studies, with no new safety signals identified. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common adverse events, mostly mild to moderate in severity.

Professor Linong Ji, the Principal Investigator of the DREAMS-3, Peking University People’s Hospital, stated: “Diabetes and obesity share similar epidemic trends. Among the vast population with T2D in China, the proportion of those with comorbid obesity has been increasing. Previous studies have indicated that, compared with non-obese patients with diabetes, patients with T2D and comorbid obesity experience more challenging glycemic control, along with a significant increase in cardiovascular mortality risk and overall cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, treatment strategies that address both glycemic control and weight loss are playing an increasingly critical role in improving clinical outcomes for patients with T2D and comorbid obesity. In recent years, GLP-1 receptor agonists have become a key therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes—particularly for patients with comorbid obesity-owing to their benefits, including glycemic control, weight reduction, and cardiorenal protection. As the world’s first approved GCG/GLP-1 dual receptor agonist, mazdutide has demonstrated superior efficacy in glucose lowering and weight loss over semaglutide in the latest Phase 3 clinical trial; mazdutide also provides multiple metabolic benefits and has a favorable safety profile, making it a new-generation GLP-1-based therapy suitable for Chinese patients. We believe that mazdutide can bring benefits to patients with T2D and comorbid obesity who are appropriate candidates for this class of therapy—to control blood glucose, effectively manage weight, and improve overall health status.”

Dr. Lei Qian, Chief R&D Officer of General Biomedicine from Innovent Biologics, stated: “China has a large number of patients with obesity and other comorbidities, underscoring an urgent need for more effective, safer, and more convenient innovative therapies. Mazdutide is the world’s first and only approved GCG/GLP-1 dual receptor agonist indicated for both weight management and the treatment of T2D. Previous registrational studies in Chinese T2D participants (DREAMS-1 and DREAMS-2) have demonstrated mazdutide’s benefits across glycemic control, weight reduction, and multiple metabolic indicators. The head-to-head DREAMS-3 study comparing mazdutide with semaglutide further showed that, in patients with T2D and comorbid obesity, mazdutide provides superior efficacy in both weight loss and glucose lowering. With successive approvals for weight management and T2D indications, we believe mazdutide will benefit a wide range of patients requiring multifaceted improvements in glycemic control, body weight, and cardiometabolic risk factors.”

About DREAMS-3

DREAMS-3 (NCT06184568) was a multi-center, randomized, open-label phase 3 trial. The trial enrolled 349 Chinese adults with early-stage T2D (duration less than 10 years) and obesity who had inadequate glycemic and weight control after lifestyle intervention with or without metformin monotherapy (mean age: 42.4 years, mean baseline HbA1c: 8.02%, mean baseline body weight: 90.47 kg, mean baseline BMI: 32.98 kg/m2). Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive mazdutide 6 mg or semaglutide 1 mg for 32 weeks (active-controlled treatment period). In the extension period, participants originally on mazdutide were assigned to continue mazdutide treatment at different doses for another 24 weeks, based on whether they achieved the weight-loss target. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants achieving HbA1c < 7.0% and a ≥10% reduction in body weight from baseline at week 32.

About Mazdutide

Innovent entered into an exclusive license agreement with Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly) for the development and potential commercialization of mazdutide, a dual GCG /GLP-1 receptor agonist, in China. As a mammalian oxyntomodulin (OXM) analogue, in addition to the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on promoting insulin secretion, lowering blood glucose and reducing body weight, mazdutide may also increase energy expenditure and improve hepatic fat metabolism through the activation of glucagon receptor. Mazdutide has demonstrated excellent weight loss and glucose-lowering effects in clinical studies, as well as reducing waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, serum uric acid, liver enzymes, liver fat content and improved insulin sensitivity.

Seven Phase 3 clinical studies of mazdutide have been completed or are ongoing, including:

  • GLORY-1: A Phase 3 clinical study conducted in Chinese adults with overweight of obesity;
  • GLORY-2: A Phase 3 clinical study conducted in Chinese adults with moderately to severely obesity;
  • GLORY-3: A Phase 3 clinical study comparing mazdutide versus semaglutide in Chinese adults with overweight of obesity accompanied metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD);
  • GLORY-OSA: A Phase 3 trial in Chinese participants with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity;
  • DREAMS-1: A Phase 3 clinical study conducted in Chinese adults with untreated type 2 diabetes;
  • DREAMS-2: A Phase 3 clinical study comparing mazdutide versus dulaglutide in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes who have poor glycemia control with oral medication;
  • DREAMS-3: A Phase 3 clinical study comparing mazdutide versus semaglutide in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity;

Among these, GLORY-1, DREAMS-1, DREAMS-2 and DREAMS-3 have already met their primary endpoints and the other three studies are also currently ongoing.

In addition, several new clinical studies of mazdutide are initiated or planned, including those in adolescents with obesity, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and a higher-dose head-to-head study versus tirzepatide in moderate to severe obesity.

*Mazdutide has received NMPA approval for two indications:

First Indication: as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for chronic weight management in adult patients with an initial Body Mass Index (BMI) of:

  • BMI ≥ 28 kg/m² (obesity); or
  • BMI ≥ 24 kg/m² (overweight) in the presence of at least one weight-related comorbid condition (e.g., hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and etc.);

Second Indication: glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes:

Monotherapy

For adults with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control despite diet and exercise interventions.

Combination Therapy

For adults with T2D who still have poor glycemic control despite:Diet and exercise, plus Metformin and/or sulfonylureas, or Metformin and/or SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).

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Digital Imaging Tools Show Potential for Early Caries Detection but Require Improved Specificity: Study

A new study published in BDJ Open has found that intraoral scanners (IOSs) and intraoral cameras (IOCs) show high sensitivity in detecting occlusal and dentin caries, highlighting their promise for early diagnosis. However, researchers caution that their lower specificity compared with traditional radiographic methods can lead to false positives, emphasizing the need for standardized training and refined diagnostic protocols.

The study, conducted by a team of dental researchers, evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of digital imaging tools in identifying various stages of dental caries. Both IOSs and IOCs demonstrated strong potential for non-invasive, real-time detection, particularly for early enamel and dentin lesions. Their high sensitivity means they can identify early-stage decay that might otherwise go unnoticed during routine visual examination. However, this benefit comes with a trade-off—lower specificity may result in overdiagnosis or unnecessary interventions if not carefully interpreted. According to the authors, the variability in diagnostic accuracy across different digital systems and examiner experience levels underscores the importance of proper calibration and training. Unlike radiographs, which provide standardized images, digital imaging tools rely heavily on lighting, angulation, and operator proficiency. As a result, integrating them effectively into clinical workflows requires well-defined guidelines and validation against established diagnostic standards. The researchers noted that while digital imaging tools align with the broader shift toward minimally invasive and patient-friendly dental care, further clinical studies are needed to improve specificity and reduce interpretation errors. Combining digital imaging with traditional methods or artificial intelligence–assisted analysis could potentially optimize diagnostic performance and decision-making in clinical practice.
Ultimately, the findings suggest that while intraoral scanners and intraoral cameras offer exciting possibilities for early, radiation-free caries detection, their effective use depends on improved accuracy, user training, and evidence-based diagnostic criteria.
Reference:
BDJ Open. (2025). Digital Imaging Tools Show Potential for Early Caries Detection but Require Improved Specificity. doi:10.1038/s41405-025-00345-5
Keywords:
intraoral scanners, intraoral cameras, dental caries, early detection, diagnostic accuracy, specificity, radiographic comparison, digital dentistry

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Three-Dimensional Total Body Photography Enhances Skin Disease Diagnosis: Study

A new study by Inés Gracia-Darder and colleagues, published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025), highlights the clinical value of three-dimensional (3D) tiotal body photography (TBP) in dermatology. The research shows that 3D TBP not only improves the diagnosis and monitoring of skin cancer but also helps accurately identify a wide range of other skin conditions. Unlike traditional two-dimensional imaging or teledermatology that use photos or videos, 3D TBP captures high-resolution, full-body images with spatial detail, allowing clinicians to visualize the skin in a more complete and realistic way.

The study found that integrating 3D imaging into dermatologic assessments improves lesion detection accuracy, supports early diagnosis, and enhances patient understanding through visual tracking of skin changes. Dermatologists can use these 3D models to view the full skin surface, zoom into lesions, and compare changes over time. This approach also enhances telemedicine, allowing remote consultations where doctors can examine skin in depth without in-person visits. The results suggest that 3D TBP could serve as a valuable tool alongside, or even beyond, standard photo-based teledermatology methods.
From a clinical perspective, this technology could change how dermatologists track and diagnose various skin conditions. Patients at high risk of melanoma or those with chronic diseases like eczema and psoriasis could benefit from more accurate, consistent, and accessible assessments. The research emphasizes that 3D TBP provides standardized image quality and reduces diagnostic differences between clinicians, making it a potential game-changer for skin health monitoring. Wider use of this technology in clinics and teledermatology platforms may lead to earlier detection, better disease management, and improved patient outcomes.
Keywords: three-dimensional imaging, total body photography, dermatology, skin cancer, teledermatology, diagnosis, imaging technology
Reference:
Gracia-Darder, I., Fernandez-Figueras, M. T., Alós, L., & Puig, S. (2025). Three-dimensional total body photography enables comprehensive assessment of skin cancer and other dermatologic diseases. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 93(6), 1189–1198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2025.10.012

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Personalized Blood Pressure Control During Surgery Lowers Risk of Postoperative Complications, Study Finds

Germany: Researchers have found in a new study that tailoring perioperative blood pressure targets based on preoperative nighttime mean arterial pressure (MAP) does not improve clinical outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

The findings are from the IMPROVE-multi Randomized Clinical Trial, published in JAMA by Bernd Saugel and colleagues from the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. The trial investigated whether individualized MAP targets during surgery could reduce postoperative complications compared with routine blood pressure management.
Intraoperative hypotension is known to contribute to organ injury, including kidney and heart damage. However, the potential benefit of customizing blood pressure management to each patient’s baseline physiology had not been clearly established. The IMPROVE-multi trial sought to address this question in adults at high risk of postoperative complications undergoing major abdominal surgery. 
The study enrolled 1,272 patients aged 45 years or older undergoing elective major abdominal surgery expected to last at least 90 minutes, with at least one additional high-risk criterion. Participants were randomized to individualized blood pressure management, where MAP targets were based on preoperative nighttime measurements using automated monitoring, or routine management, which aimed to maintain MAP at 65 mm Hg or higher, as per standard care.
The primary endpoint was a composite of acute kidney injury, acute myocardial injury, nonfatal cardiac arrest, or death within the first seven postoperative days. Secondary outcomes included infectious complications and a composite outcome encompassing kidney replacement therapy, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, or death within 90 days after surgery.
Key Findings:
  • Of the 1,142 patients randomized, 1,134 were included in the primary analysis.
  • The median age of participants was 66 years.
  • Women comprised 34.1% of the study population.
  • The primary outcome occurred in 33.5% of patients in the individualized blood pressure group.
  • The primary outcome occurred in 30.5% of patients in the routine care group.
  • The relative risk between the two groups was 1.10, indicating no significant difference.
  • None of the 22 secondary outcomes showed significant differences between groups.
  • Infectious complications occurred in 15.9% of the individualized group versus 17.1% of the routine care group.
  • The 90-day composite outcome occurred in 5.7% of the individualized group versus 3.5% of the routine care group.
The trial’s results suggest that, for high-risk patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, individualized perioperative MAP targets based on preoperative nighttime measurements do not confer added protection against major postoperative complications compared with standard management. Maintaining MAP at or above 65 mm Hg, as routinely practiced, remains an effective approach for reducing the risk of acute kidney injury, myocardial injury, or death in this population.
These findings highlight the need for pragmatic blood pressure management strategies during surgery and indicate that further research is necessary to identify other intraoperative interventions that may meaningfully improve outcomes in high-risk surgical patients.
“The trial highlights the complexity of perioperative care and reinforces that individualized blood pressure strategies may not always translate into measurable clinical benefits,” the authors concluded.
Reference:
Saugel B, Meidert AS, Brunkhorst FM, et al. Individualized Perioperative Blood Pressure Management in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery: The IMPROVE-multi Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. Published online October 12, 2025. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.17235

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Heatwaves linked to rise in sleep apnoea case, reveals research

During heatwaves, there is an increase in the number of people suffering with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), according to a major study published  in the European Respiratory Journal.

People with OSA often snore loudly, their breathing starts and stops during the night, and they may wake up several times. Not only does this cause excessive sleepiness, but it can also increase the risk of high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Researchers say their findings are particularly important as heatwaves are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change.

The research was carried by a team from the Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and FHMRI Sleep Health at Flinders University, Australia, led by Dr Lucía Pinilla. Researchers analysed data on 67,558 people across 17 European countries all of whom regularly use under-mattress sleep sensors and agreed to share their data anonymously. The sleep sensors track sleep patterns, snoring, apnoea events (pauses in breathing) and heart rate. Most participants were male (79%), with an average age of 52 years.

Researchers looked at the sleep data across five European summers from January 2020 to September 2024. They matched each participant’s location with local nightly temperatures to assess the impact of heatwaves.

During the study period, there were two or three heatwaves per year on average with each heatwave lasting for around four to five days.

When researchers analysed the data, they found that the risk of people suffering with moderate-to-severe OSA increased by 13% at the peak of a heatwave. They also found that for every 1°C rise in the nighttime temperature during a heatwave, the prevalence of moderate-to-severe OSA increases by 1.1%. The risk was even higher when humidity was also high.

Dr Pinilla said: “Our results show that during summer heatwaves, obstructive sleep apnoea became more common and more severe. OSA should now be considered alongside other chronic diseases that are worsened by climate change. Heatwaves are not only uncomfortable, but they can also directly affect how we breathe and sleep.

“These effects are likely to be similar in other parts of the world and may be even more pronounced in regions with hotter climates or more frequent heatwaves. However, factors like housing quality and access to air conditioning could influence the severity of the impact.”

Co-author Dr Bastien Lechat added: “While our study didn’t explore the exact mechanisms behind this link, we know that hot nights often disrupt sleep by making it lighter and more fragmented. Heat can also lead to fluid retention, which may worsen OSA.

“Additionally, people may be less likely to use treatments like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines during hot weather, or they may become dehydrated, further compounding the issue.”

The team now plans to investigate how hot nights affect breathing during sleep, why OSA worsens and whether cooling strategies or behavioural changes can help reduce the impact.

Senior author and Matthew Flinders Professor Danny Eckert said: “Our findings provide compelling evidence that heatwaves can significantly worsen obstructive sleep apnoea. As global temperatures continue to rise, we can expect more people to be affected and more severe cases, which has serious implications for public health.

“Sleep apnoea is already underdiagnosed and undertreated. With climate change intensifying its severity, there’s an urgent need to improve diagnosis, treatment access and public awareness.”

Professor Sofia Schiza, Head of the European Respiratory Society group on sleep disordered breathing, based at the University of Crete, Greece, who was not involved in the research said: “Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common condition that can increase the risk of serious health problems, such as heart disease and strokes, but many sufferers do not realise they have a problem.

“This research shows how heatwaves, where the temperature remains high overnight, increase the risk of OSA. This finding highlights the importance of preparing for hot nights, for example by using a fan and drinking plenty of water, especially for people with sleep disorders. It also suggests that OSA is likely to become more common and more severe due to global warming.”

Reference:

Lucía Pinilla, Josh Fitton, Nicole Lovato, Rising Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea During Nighttime Heatwaves Across Europe, European Respiratory Journal, https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01631-2025.

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Sarilumab Plus Short Steroid Taper course Improves Outcomes in Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Lancet

A recent international clinical trial published in the journal of The Lancet Rheumatology found that sarilumab 200 mg every 2 weeks combined with a 14-week glucocorticoid taper led to better quality of life and patient-reported outcomes among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), when compared to placebo with a 52-week taper.

This study enrolled a total of 118 adults across 60 centers in 17 countries from October 2018 to July 2020. The participants, all aged 50 years or older, had experienced at least one disease flare during glucocorticoid tapering and carried markers of systemic inflammation. They were randomly assigned to receive either subcutaneous sarilumab 200 mg every 2 weeks with a rapid 14-week steroid taper or a placebo along with a prolonged 52-week taper.

Th patient-reported outcomes were evaluated through validated instruments including the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), the Short Form-36 survey (SF-36 v2), EuroQoL 5-Dimensions (EQ-5D), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), and visual analog scales (VAS) for pain and global health. The results were analyzed in the intention-to-treat population up to 52 weeks.

The cohort had a mean age of 68.9 years, with women comprising nearly 70%. At baseline, more than 70 percent reported moderate-to-severe fatigue. At week 52, sarilumab-treated patients demonstrated marked improvements over placebo across multiple domains of health-related quality of life.

Also, physical and mental functioning measured by SF-36 improved more in the sarilumab arm, with least-squares mean (LSM) changes of 7.65 versus 2.87 for the Physical Component Summary (p=0.020) and 3.04 versus –1.71 for the Mental Component Summary (p=0.030). Gains were also observed across 5 of the 8 SF-36 subdomains.

Other patient-reported outcomes mirrored this trend. EQ-5D utility scores rose in the sarilumab group (+0.11) while dipping in the placebo group (–0.02, p=0.034). Fatigue, measured by FACIT-F, improved by 7.91 points with sarilumab when compared with 4.17 points for placebo.

Disability, pain, and global health ratings also trended favorably, though some differences did not reach conventional statistical significance. More than half of patients on sarilumab achieved health status scores at or above population normative values in several domains, particularly mental health, whereas none in the placebo group reached this benchmark.

The odds of achieving at least a minimal clinically important difference in physical health scores were more than 3-times higher with sarilumab when compared to placebo (OR 3.46; p=0.020). Overall, the trial illuminates that patients with relapsing PMR often live with impaired quality of life, beyond what corticosteroids alone can address. 

Source:

Strand, V., Msihid, J., Sloane, J., Nivens, M. C., Chao, J., Giannelou, A., Fiore, S., Araujo, L., & Dasgupta, B. (2025). Sarilumab in relapsing polymyalgia rheumatica: patient-reported outcomes from a phase 3, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. Rheumatology, 7(8), e544–e553. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(25)00041-4

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Antibiotic Use in Pregnancy Associated with Increased Childhood Infection Risk: BMJ

A recent study published in the journal of BMJ Thorax revealed that maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy may increase the risk of infections in offspring during childhood, particularly those affecting the ear, nose, and throat.

Following rigorous Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this study reviewed data from 14 cohort studies, encompassing more than 5 million children worldwide. Their systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized all available evidence on whether prenatal exposure to antibiotics influences the susceptibility of a child to infections later in life.

This research combed through medical databases including PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library, without restrictions on publication dates. Eligible studies were those that reported quantitative data linking maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy to infections in children beyond the newborn period. 

The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and increased infection risk in children. When data from 12 of the 14 studies (covering nearly 5 million children) were combined, the odds of developing any infection during childhood were 33% higher in those exposed to antibiotics in the womb (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01–1.76, p=0.04).

The sensitivity analysis focused on high-quality studies, where the link grew even stronger, which showed a 48% increased risk (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.13–1.95, p<0.01). The most pronounced rise was observed in ear, nose, and throat infections, affecting over 2.8 million children, where exposure during pregnancy corresponded to a 40% higher risk (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.18–1.65, p<0.0001).

These results highlighted key features of each included study like the population size, antibiotic types, timing of exposure during pregnancy, and categories of infections assessed. Most studies showed low risk of bias and consistent findings across different populations.

Using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach, the certainty of evidence was rated high, reinforcing confidence in the overall conclusion. Overall, this research emphasized that while antibiotics remain crucial for managing infections during pregnancy, the findings illuminate the need for careful prescribing practices. 

Source:

Alon, K., Hauerslev, M., Chawes, B. L. K., & Brustad, N. (2025). Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy increases the risk of offspring airway infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2025-223634

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Cryoballoon Ablation as Effective as Radiofrequency for Persistent AF, suggests study

A new study published in the European Heart Journal showed that in individuals with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), cryoballoon ablation (CB) did not perform worse than radiofrequency (RF) ablation in terms of the incidence of atrial tachyarrhythmias after one year.

With extensive clinical use, catheter ablation has become a recognized treatment technique for atrial fibrillation. Three main techniques are used to regulate arrhythmias, which being autonomic nervous system modulation, electrophysiological substrate alteration, and removal of AF triggers. The mainstay of catheter ablation for both paroxysmal and chronic AF is pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).

In addition to conventional radiofrequency (RF) ablation therapy, cryoballoon ablation, a more modern approach, has been popular in recent years for treating AF, particularly paroxysmal AF. The 2024 ESC Guidelines include a Class IIa recommendation for endoscopic and hybrid ablation procedures in symptomatic persistent AF that is resistant to antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) treatment, as well as a Class I recommendation for PVI in paroxysmal AF.

The effectiveness, safety, and effect on reverse remodelling of cryoballoon ablation vs radiofrequency ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation are not well-documented. Thus, this study evaluated the effectiveness of cryoballon ablation.

A total of 12 centers randomly assigned 500 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. The incidence of atrial tachyarrhythmias one year following ablation, with a 90-day blanking interval, was the main outcome. With a median age of 69 years (interquartile range: 61–74), the final analysis comprised 499 patients, of whom 249 were assigned to the cryoballoon group and 250 to the radiofrequency group.

A total of 56 patients (22.5%) in the cryoballoon group and 58 (23.2%) in the radiofrequency group experienced the primary endpoint in the intention-to-treat analysis; the cryoballoon group did not show inferiority to the radiofrequency group for the primary endpoint (hazard ratio.99; 95% CI,.69–1.43; P =.96).

The left atrial size (left atrial volume index) decreased more in the radiofrequency group than in the cryoballoon group at one year [−11 mL/m2 (interquartile range: -19 to -4), vs. −4 mL/m2 (interquartile range: 13 to 3), P <.001]. Overall, cryoballoon ablation was shown to be noninferior to radiofrequency ablation in avoiding atrial tachyarrhythmias over a one-year period in a randomized experiment that included 500 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.

Reference:

Miyamoto, K., Kanaoka, K., Yodogawa, K., Fujimoto, Y., Fukunaga, H., Asano, S., Nagase, T., Terasawa, M., Kusume, T., Takada, Y., Takarada, K., Sagawa, Y., Shigeta, T., Ooka, J., Ishikura, M., Yoh, M., Takahashi, H., Inoue, Y., Nagase, S., … Kusano, K. (2025). Cryoballoon vs radiofrequency ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation: the CRRF-PeAF trial. European Heart Journal. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf451

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Study finds promising first evidence of targeted therapy for NRAS-mutant melanoma

New research from Moffitt Cancer Center shows that RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibition can directly block tumor growth and activate the immune system, offering the first targeted approach for patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer with limited treatment options beyond immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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As millions lag in colon cancer screening, new studies point to strategies to boost uptake and follow-up

Tens of millions of middle-aged and older Americans haven’t gotten their recommended checks for early signs of potential colon cancer, either through the “gold standard” of colonoscopy or a non-invasive test.

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