AIIMS Delhi develops India’s first TEM-based Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia diagnostic tool

New Delhi: Researchers at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi have achieved a major breakthrough in India’s diagnostic capabilities by developing a cutting-edge method to diagnose Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) – a rare and often misdiagnosed genetic disorder affecting the respiratory system – using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

According to Dr Subhash Chandra Yadav from the Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS Delhi, this method is the first of its kind in India.

“This type of diagnosis is the first of its kind in India, and no other hospital or research lab in the country currently provides such a diagnosis based on electron microscopy,” said Dr Subhash Chandra Yadav of the Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS Delhi, news agency PTI reported.

Dr Yadav said that the AIIMS Delhi method for PCD diagnosis has now been internationally accepted as an innovative methodology and other ciliary diseases.

Also Read:AIIMS Delhi Ranks 97th among World’s Best Hospitals in 2024, PGIMER and Medanta also featured

“Our developed method for PCD diagnosis has now been internationally accepted as an innovative methodology for PCD and other ciliary diseases, with the research paper published in the top-rated Microscopy and Microanalysis journal from the University of Oxford,” he said.

The breakthrough, led by Dr Yadav and Prof Kana Ram Jat from the Department of Paediatrics, was detailed in the prestigious journal under the title “An Innovative TEM-Based Ultrastructural Imaging Methodology for the Diagnosis of Respiratory Ciliary Disorders.”

According to a statement from AIIMS Delhi, the advanced method dramatically improves diagnostic accuracy, identifying structural defects in motile cilia in nearly 70 per cent of suspected cases, an achievement unmatched even by cutting-edge whole-genome sequencing. Validated on 200 patients with suspected ciliary disorders, the technique confirmed diagnoses in 135 cases.

The scope of this technique extends far beyond PCD. It can accurately detect a range of rare ciliary disorder-related conditions, including respiratory anomalies, renal cystic disease, blindness, neural tube defects, intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities (such as polydactyly and abnormally short limbs), ectodermal defects, situs inversus (a condition where internal organs are mirrored), and infertility.

“What sets this methodology apart is its comprehensive and refined workflow. From meticulous sample collection and fixation to ultra-thin sectioning and advanced TEM imaging, every step is optimised to enhance the visibility of tiny defects, boosting detection capability by nearly 640 times compared to conventional methods,” as per the statement.

Medical experts hail this innovation as a game-changer in genetic diagnostics. It promises faster and more accurate diagnoses while laying the groundwork for personalised therapies, enhanced patient care, and deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying ciliary disorders.

This pioneering effort by AIIMS researchers marks a transformative milestone in India’s diagnostic capabilities, bringing hope to patients and their families affected by rare genetic diseases.

Also Read:Inter-AIIMS Patient Referral Portal launched to boost Healthcare Access

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Jharkhand Health Minister accuses RIMS director of Rule Violations, Hints at inquiry

Ranchi: Following the Jharkhand High Court’s order for the reinstatement of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) director Dr Raj Kumar, he resumed his duties on Tuesday and cleared the pending promotions of doctors and the long-pending purchase of an MRI machine. However the next day, Jharkhand Health Minister Irfan Ansari accused him of promoting junior doctors while ignoring their seniors. 

Ansari claimed that the senior doctors who were overlooked for promotion have threatened to go on strike, alleging that the promotions were processed in violation of the rules. He alleged that Kumar did not consult the health department before taking a call on the promotions and promoted the juniors over their seniors, going against the norms. 

Regarding this, the medical fraternity has expressed disappointment at the promotion and is protesting against the decision taken by Kumar. A departmental inquiry is reported to be initiated soon against the director.

Also read- Jharkhand HC stays Government’s order to remove RIMS Director

Medical Dialogues recently reported that the Jharkhand High Court stayed the state government’s order removing Dr Raj Kumar as the Director of the Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, with immediate effect. The court observed that how Dr Raj Kumar was removed was legally untenable, stating that a stigmatic order could not be issued without following due process.

This comes after Dr Raj Kumar, within a few months of being appointed as the Director of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, was removed from his position on the grounds of negligence in fulfilling his duties, delay in departmental work, and failure to follow government instructions. The decision was taken by the governing council of the institute, which recommended his removal to the state health department. 

Dr Raj Kumar, who earlier worked as a neurosurgery professor at Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, was appointed as the RIMS Director on January 31, 2024, for a three-year term. However, the institute observed that he often deliberately ignored official orders and did not cooperate in carrying out important tasks, which led to pending departmental work. This was continuing for days since he was appointed. 

However, he rejoined the hospital on Tuesday and cleared the pending departmental work. But his decision to promote the juniors drew backlash from the medical community and the Health Minister himself. 

Speaking to TOI, Ansari said, “The medical fraternity is protesting the promotions. Junior doctors were promoted while the seniors were overlooked. Senior doctors are likely to go on strike after this,” Ansari said. Meanwhile, Health Secretary Ajoy Kumar Singh said, “Action will be taken.”

Ansari also criticised Dr Kumar for delaying the purchase of the MRI machine, stating that the state cabinet had approved the procurement nine months ago. He suggested that a departmental inquiry could be launched against the director.

“Doctors have told us that promotions were done in violation of the rules. They will go on strike. The decisions taken against protocol are not valid until ratified in the governing council (GB) meeting, ” said Ansari.

Also read- RIMS Director removed after Governing Body order

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DASH Diet and Sodium may together or independently Reduce ASCVD Risk among adults with high BP: Study

A new study published in the American Journal of Preventive Cardiology showed that the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and salt reduction, both separately and in combination, decreased the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) throughout a ten-year period.

National recommendations propose the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to support cardiovascular health (CVH). DASH diets restrict saturated fat, cholesterol, and added sugars while emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products. The projected 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is reduced by the DASH diet. It is unclear how cutting salt in the diet will affect the risk of ASCVD. Thus, this study assessed how salt reduction, both by itself and in conjunction with the DASH diet, affects 10-year ASCVD risk scores.

Adults with high blood pressure (average systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 120 to 159 mm Hg and 80 to 95 mm Hg, respectively) were randomized to either the DASH diet or the standard American diet in the DASH-Sodium experiment. Three salt intake levels—low, medium, and high—were randomly assigned to each arm’s participants.

The length of each phase was 30 days. At baseline and at the conclusion of each feeding period, 10-year ASCVD risk scores assessed by the pooled cohort equation were computed. Absolute and relative changes in 10-year ASCVD risk scores from baseline were the main outcomes of interest.

The 412 individuals (mean age 48 ± 10 years; 57% female, 57% Black) showed lower ASCVD risk scores in both dietary groups when salt intake was reduced. Low sodium consumption reduced the risk of ASCVD by 9.4% as compared to high salt intake.

The 10-year ASCVD changed by -5.3 percent as compared to a typical American diet when following the DASH diet. The combination of low sodium consumption and DASH reduced the risk of ASCVD by 14.1% when compared to a high sodium-control diet.

Overall, the DASH diet and salt restriction both markedly reduced the projected 10-year ASCVD risk in this high blood pressure cohort. When both therapies were used together, these effects were greater than when they were used separately. Furthermore, participants with baseline stage II hypertension, Black people, and women saw the greatest effects of salt decrease on 10-year ASCVD risk.

Source:

Knauss, H. M., Kovell, L. C., Miller, E. R., 3rd, Appel, L. J., Mukamal, K. J., Plante, T. B., & Juraschek, S. P. (2025). Dietary sodium reduction lowers 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score: Results from the DASH-sodium trial. American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 22(100980), 100980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.100980

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New research suggests drinking coffee may reduce the risk of frailty: Study

A new study published in the European Journal of Nutrition has suggested that habitual coffee consumption of 4-6 cups and over (with one cup measuring at 125ml) per day is associated with a reduced risk of frailty. The study, funded by the Institute for Scientific Information on Coffee (ISIC) is the first to analyse the relationship between coffee consumption and the underlying components of frailty.

Coffee consumption has previously been linked to reducing the risk of some of the natural symptoms of ageing, such as improving cognitive function and mitigating against inflammatory related diseases. This latest research adds to the growing knowledge base within this area, exploring the benefits of regular coffee consumption over an extended period of time.

For this study, researchers conducted a detailed analysis over a long seven-year follow-up period, surveying 1,161 adults aged 55+ years through the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA).

The relationship between coffee consumption and the presence and incidence of frailty was investigated. Frailty status was evaluated using Fried’s five-component frailty phenotype,which is defined by the presence of three or more of the following symptoms: weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slow gait (walking) speed, and low physical activity.

The results of this study indicate that higher habitual coffee consumption is associated with lower overall odds of frailty. These findings can be considered alongside the European Food Safety Authority’s (EFSA) scientific opinion that up to 400mg of caffeine (3-5 cups of coffee) per day is a moderate and safe amount5.

The researchers explain that coffee’s effect on reducing frailty can partly be attributed to the role of antioxidants in coffee, which may help to reduce inflammation, sarcopenia (muscle loss), and prevention of muscle damage. Coffee may also help to improve regulating insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in older people.

The study’s lead author, Margreet R. Olthof, Associate Professor at the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, commented: “Drinking coffee is a key part of many people’s daily routine, and as people age they are constantly looking for ways to maintain their health. Our findings highlight the possible beneficial association between daily coffee consumption and reduced risk of frailty in later life in the older population. Coffee consumption may thus enhance healthy aging, but it is important we also explore further dietary interventions, to ensure older adults can continue to live fulfilling lives.”

 Moderate coffee consumption can be defined as 3-5 cups per day, based on the European Food Safety Authority’s review of caffeine safety.

Reference:

van der Linden, M., Wijnhoven, H.A., Schaap, L.A. et al. Habitual coffee consumption and risk of frailty in later life: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Eur J Nutr 64, 164 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-025-03683-0

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C-Peptide Has Limited Predictive Value for Need of Insulin Therapy for Glycemic Control: Study Finds

USA: Researchers have found in a new study that C-peptide concentration lacks strong predictive power for determining future insulin therapy needs and achieving glycemic control. This limits its clinical usefulness in inpatient settings.

The findings published online in Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics indicate that C-peptide levels do not strongly predict the future need for insulin therapy or effective glycemic control, raising concerns about its usefulness in inpatient settings.

C-peptide, a byproduct of insulin production, is a key marker of pancreatic beta-cell function and is widely used in outpatient settings to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and guide treatment decisions. While it plays a crucial role in diagnosing and managing diabetes, its significance in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia remains uncertain. Limited clinical data make it unclear whether serum C-peptide concentration has meaningful diagnostic or predictive value in inpatient settings.

Against the above background, Pankaj Shah, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, and colleagues aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of serum C-peptide concentration in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia, specifically assessing its predictive value for discontinuation of insulin therapy and achieving glycemic control.

For this purpose, the researchers analyzed data from adults admitted to Mayo Clinic inpatient facilities for acute hyperglycemic emergencies between January 2017 and November 2022. They evaluated the predictive ability of serum C-peptide concentration in determining the likelihood of discontinuing therapeutic insulin, both in the overall cohort and in patients with non-autoimmune non-pancreatitis diabetes (NANP-DM).

Based on the study, the researchers reported the following findings:

  • The study included 187 patients, of whom 63 were women.
  • Patients with type 1 diabetes antibodies had significantly lower serum C-peptide concentrations.
  • An inverse correlation was observed between serum C-peptide concentration and subsequent hemoglobin A1c% [r = (−0.22)].
  • Initial C-peptide levels did not significantly differ between patients who required insulin therapy during follow-up and those who did not.
  • C-peptide demonstrated limited predictive value for achieving glycemic control.
  • Similar findings were observed in the NANP-DM subgroup, where C-peptide showed a limited ability to predict insulin therapy needs and glycemic outcomes.

The study findings indicate that C-peptide concentration lacks strong predictive value for determining future insulin therapy needs or achieving glycemic control, limiting its clinical utility in inpatient settings.

The researchers emphasized the need for evidence-based approaches in diabetes management, stressing that diagnostic tests should offer meaningful clinical insights. They suggested that, for now, healthcare providers may need to prioritize traditional indicators—such as blood glucose levels, insulin requirements, and overall patient condition—over C-peptide levels to optimize inpatient diabetes care.

Reference:

Costa DN, Kudva YC, Jensen MD, Shah P. Clinical Utility of Serum C-Peptide Concentration for Hospitalized Patients with Hyperglycemia. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2025 Feb;27(2):121-127. doi: 10.1089/dia.2024.0246. Epub 2024 Sep 20. PMID: 39226586.

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Multiple arterial grafting improves long-term survival over single arterial grafting: JAMA

A new study published in the Journal of American Medical Association showed that regardless of left ventricular failure, surgeons should emphasize multiple arterial grafting over single arterial grafting to increase long-term survival. Complete arterial revascularization, which removes saphenous vein grafts, is linked to the highest benefit.

When compared to single arterial grafting with additional saphenous vein grafts, multiarterial cardiac bypass surgeries have better clinical results. It is unclear, therefore, if multiarterial grafting offers a survival benefit for patients with different degrees of left ventricular dysfunction. Thus, to examine the long-term survival results of patients following multiple vs. single arterial grafts, stratified by preoperative ejection fraction, Justin Ren and team carried out this investigation.

Data from a multicenter population-based cardiac registry set up by the Australian & New Zealand Society of Cardiac & Thoracic Surgeons and linked to the National Death Index were used in complete-case retrospective cohort research. Those who had primary isolated coronary bypass surgery between June 1, 2001, and January 31, 2020, were considered participants.

Nonadults, reoperations, concurrent or prior heart surgery, single-graft surgeries, and instances lacking arterial grafts were also excluded. The patients were stratified by their preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction who received either single or multiple arterial grafts were included in the primary exposure. The main endpoint of the study was long-term all-cause mortality.

A total of 59,641 patients were included in the research (mean [SD] age at surgery: 65.8 [10.2] years; 48,321 men [81.0%]). 5.0 years was the median follow-up period (IQR: 2.3–8.6 years). Among patients with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction, multiarterial grafting was linked to a 19.0% relative decrease in all-cause mortality as compared to single artery transplantation.

The patients with mild, moderate, and severe left ventricular dysfunction showed comparable survival advantages. The multiarterial survival benefit by ejection fraction stratification did not differ significantly, according to a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression interaction-term analysis. With the exception of cases where the left ventricular ejection fraction was less than 30%, multiarterial grafting using just arterial conduits was linked to greater survival advantages when compared to other multiarterial operations using saphenous vein grafts.

Overall, irrespective of the level of preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), multiple arterial grafting (MAG) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) significantly decreased the risk of long-term all-cause mortality when compared with SAG, according to this retrospective cohort study that used a binational cardiac surgery database. When TAR was attained, the longevity benefit was highest, especially for patients with intact LVEF.

Source:

Ren, J., Bloom, J. E., Chan, W., Reid, C. M., Smith, J. A., Taylor, A., Kaye, D., Royse, C., Tian, D. H., Bowyer, A., El-Ansary, D., & Royse, A. (2025). Survival outcomes after multiple vs single arterial grafting among patients with reduced ejection fraction. JAMA Network Open, 8(4), e254508. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.4508

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FDA Approves Atzumi Nasal Powder for Acute Migraine Treatment

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Atzumi, a 5.2 mg dihydroergotamine (DHE) nasal powder, for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. Developed by Satsuma Pharmaceuticals, Atzumi is the first and only DHE nasal powder and uses the SMART platform for simplified drug delivery.

Migraine is a neurological disorder that is thought to be the result of temporary changes in the chemicals, nerves and blood vessels in the brain, with symptoms that are often incapacitating. According to the American Migraine Foundation, approximately 40 million Americans live with migraine. It is the second leading cause of disability worldwide in terms of time lost to disability and most common cause of disability among young women.

“The approval of Atzumi is a milestone to celebrate, providing a new option for the acute treatment of migraine combining long-proven benefits of DHE with a patient-friendly and easy-to-use delivery system developed based on SNBL’s novel intranasal drug delivery platform technology,” said Dr. Ryoichi Nagata, President and CEO of Satsuma. “We believe that Atzumi will contribute to improving the quality of life of patients struggling for relief from these highly disabling problems.”

“DHE plays a unique clinical role in the acute treatment of migraine, providing patients long lasting effects and the unique ability to provide benefit even when taken late in a migraine attack. The convenience of Atzumi, the only DHE nasal powder, will offer patients ease of use combined with the important known DHE clinical advantages”, said Dr. Stewart J. Tepper, M.D., Vice President of the New England Institute for Neurology and Headache in Stamford, Connecticut.

About Atzumi

Atzumi is a proprietary drug device product incorporating both Satsuma’s advanced nasal powder formulation of dihydroergotamine (DHE) administered via its unique nasal delivery device. The product is designed to provide patients an easy-to-use and easy-to-carry treatment option.

The FDA approval for Atzumi is based on two clinical studies (Phase 1 PK trial and ASCEND Phase 3 open-label, long-term safety trial), which demonstrated fast absorption, rapid achievement of high DHE plasma concentrations, and sustained DHE plasma levels over time as well as safety and tolerability in subjects with migraine.

About Dihydroergotamine (DHE)

Since its approval in 1946, DHE has long been recommended in published migraine treatment guidelines as a first-line acute treatment option for migraine and has significant advantages versus other anti-migraine treatments for many patients. However, disadvantages of current DHE liquid nasal spray and injectable products, including invasive and burdensome administration and/or sub-optimal clinical performance, have limited the widespread use of DHE.

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GLP-1 Drugs May Increase Rejection Risk in Lung Transplant Recipients, Study Suggests

A recent study presented at the 2025 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) annual meeting suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)—a class of drugs widely used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity-may elevate the risk of organ rejection in lung transplant recipients.

Researchers, led by Dr. Zainab Dhanani and colleagues, investigated the outcomes of lung transplant patients who had been prescribed GLP-1 RAs such as semaglutide or liraglutide. The analysis compared these patients to matched controls who were not taking GLP-1 agents.
Findings indicated a statistically significant increase in episodes of acute rejection and possibly chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in those receiving GLP-1 RAs. GLP-1 RAs have been celebrated for their cardiometabolic benefits and their role in weight reduction, especially in transplant populations where obesity is a risk factor. However, their influence on immune modulation may unintentionally provoke immune responses against transplanted lungs. The underlying mechanism remains unclear but may involve increased immune activation or altered pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants.
The researchers caution against immediate changes in clinical practice, emphasizing the need for further large-scale studies to validate these findings. However, they recommend careful monitoring of lung transplant patients who are prescribed GLP-1 agents and a multidisciplinary approach when considering their use in this population. As GLP-1 RAs gain popularity for metabolic disease management, this study highlights the importance of evaluating potential immunological consequences in vulnerable populations, such as transplant recipients.

Reference:

International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Source Reference: Dhanani Z, et al “The impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on lung transplant outcomes” ISHLT 2025.

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SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced Cholesterol Levels in CKD Patients: Study

A new study published in the Metabolites journal found that SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) significantly reduced total cholesterol levels in all chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients over a 24-month period, irrespective of their diabetes mellitus (DM) status. However, no notable changes were observed in triglycerides (Tg), LDL cholesterol (LDLc), or HDL cholesterol (HDLc) levels.

The study analyzed the medical records of 75 patients diagnosed with CKD who had been on SGLT2i therapy. Key biochemical markers, kidney function indicators, and blood pressure readings were compared between baseline values and those taken two years into the treatment.

The study found a statistically significant reduction in total cholesterol (Chol) levels across all participants, regardless of whether they had diabetes mellitus. While triglycerides (Tg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) also trended downward, these changes were not statistically significant. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) levels showed a slight increase, though again, this was not significant enough to draw strong conclusions.

Despite expectations, creatinine clearance (Ccr), a marker of kidney filtration ability, showed a significant decrease over the 24-month period, suggesting some progression of kidney function impairment. Serum urea (Sur), another marker of declining renal performance, significantly increased. However, levels of proteinuria (Prt), a key indicator of kidney damage, remained stable, suggesting that SGLT2i may have a protective effect on kidney structure even as filtration metrics fluctuate.

Blood pressure outcomes revealed a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP), which could contribute to cardiovascular risk reduction in this patient population. This adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors.

The study concluded that SGLT2 inhibitors appear to contribute to better cholesterol control and some cardiovascular benefits in CKD patients, with a complex but manageable impact on renal function. These findings reinforce the role of SGLT2i in holistic CKD management and may prompt further prospective studies to explore their long-term outcomes and mechanisms of action.

Overall, this study highlights the growing interest in SGLT2i therapies not just for their glucose-lowering abilities in diabetic patients, but also for their broader implications in CKD management, particularly in improving lipid profiles and offering mild blood pressure benefits.

Source:

Gajić, S., Janković, S., Stojadinović, M., Filić, K., Bontić, A., Pavlović, J., Mrđa, I., Petrović, K., Hadži-Tanović, L., Žunić, J., Kostić, M., Kezić, A., & Baralić, M. (2025). The effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on lipid profile and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease regardless of diabetes and hypertension status. Metabolites, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040271

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Cryotherapy Effectively Reduces Postoperative Pain After Root Canal Treatment, suggests study

Researchers have found in a new study that Cryotherapy may significantly reduce postoperative pain in single-visit root canal treatments of molars with pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP). This offers a biocompatible, cost-effective, and simple pain management option.

The present study aimed to assess the effects of intracanal cryotherapy on pain following single-visit non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) of molar teeth with pulpal necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP).

This parallel-two arm, single-blind, randomized superiority clinical trial was registered at www.clincaltrials.gov (NCT05611736). Patients referred for NSRCT meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Preoperative radiographs, pulp sensibility tests, and pain scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) were recorded. Following shaping and cleaning, 302 patients were randomly allocated to the two groups (n = 151). In the experimental group, final irrigation was done using 0.9% physiologic saline solution at 2.5 °C, whereas in the control group, final irrigation was done using the same solution at room temperature.

All treatments were performed in a single visit. Analgesics intake and presence, duration, and intensity of pain using the VAS at 6, 24, 72 h, and 1 week were recorded. Any adverse events were recorded. Data was analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and the Student’s t test (P < 5%). Results: Patients in the cryotherapy group had significantly less postoperative pain at 6, 24, and 72 h (P < 0.05). There was no difference in postoperative pain at 1 week (P > 0.05). No adverse event was recorded in either group during or immediately after root canal treatment. Cryotherapy significantly reduces postoperative pain in single-visit root canal treatment of molars with pulp necrosis and SAP.

It can be considered a biocompatible, economical, and straightforward method for managing postoperative pain.

Reference:

Ahmad MZ. Effects of intracanal cryotherapy on postoperative pain in necrotic teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Dent Med. 2025;6. doi:10.3389/fdmed.2025.1543383.

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