What is the significance of the Grand Piano Sign in Total Knee Arthroplasty?

The cut surface of anterior cortex of the femur during a mechanically aligned total knee replacement resembles the top surface of a grand piano. It is said to be a reliable marker for correct rotational alignment of the femur. Manish shah et al conducted a study to analyze if the change of shape is significant and predictable for all changes in alignments and rotations (varus valgus, flexion extension, internal- external rotation). The article has been published in ‘Indian Journal of Arthroplasty.’

A retrospective study was conducted using 200 CT scans of patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery with CT-based 3D planning. A proprietary, interactive, surgery-planning and execution software developed by the lead author was used for 3D reconstruction and planning. The system created a 3D bone model using AI segmentation.

The key findings of the study were:

• A sizable percentage (>40%) of the knees had a single peak.

• When the single peaks were excluded from the analysis, the ratios dropped across all alignments and with varying degrees of flexion of the femoral component. These were tested for statistical significance using ANOVA. The ratios were found to be significant with a change in flexion of more than 2°. The p-values for flexion in the intramedullary axis at +3 and +5 were both significant (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively).

• The difference in lateral peaks was highly significant for all changes in the flexion of the femoral component; whereas a change of 3 or more degrees of flexion of the femoral component was significant for the medial peak.

The authors concluded – ‘The ratios of the lengths of medial and lateral columns of the grand piano sign vary across different alignments. The changes in ratios and measurements are more a function of the femoral component flexion than varus-valgus or rotations of the femoral component. The difference in measurements among different alignments for the length of the lateral column is highly significant. This makes it a possible tool for validation for implant position in femur with preoperative CT-based 3D planning.’

Further reading:

Significance of Grand Piano Sign for Rotational Alignment of Distal Femur during Total Knee Arthroplasty

Manish Shah et al

Indian Journal of Arthroplasty (2024): 10.5005/ijoa-11025-0008

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Triple therapy slows glioblastoma growth and extends survival in preclinical study

A new research paper was published in Oncotarget, Volume 16, on March 27, 2025, titled “Imipridones ONC201/ONC206 + RT/TMZ triple (IRT) therapy reduces intracranial tumor burden, prolongs survival in orthotopic IDH-WT GBM mouse model, and suppresses MGMT.”

Researchers from Brown University, led by first author Lanlan Zhou and corresponding author Wafik S. El-Deiry, have shown that combining a new class of drugs called imipridones with standard glioblastoma treatments significantly improves outcomes in mice. The study tested ONC201 and its analog ONC206 in combination with radiation therapy and the chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ), a regimen referred to as IRT. This triple therapy slowed tumor growth and extended survival in a mouse model of glioblastoma, offering a potential new strategy for one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant brain cancers.

Glioblastoma is a fast-growing brain tumor with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Standard care typically includes surgery, radiation, and TMZ, but most patients still face a short life expectancy. While ONC201 and ONC206 are currently being studied in clinical trials as single agents, there has been limited information on how they interact with standard therapies. This study is the first to show that both drugs work synergistically with radiation and TMZ, strengthening their overall effects.

The results showed that in both laboratory-grown tumor cells and mice, the triple therapy significantly slowed cancer cell growth, reduced tumor size, and prolonged survival compared to using any single or double treatment. Mice treated with IRT lived an average of 123 days, with some surviving more than 200 days—far longer than the 44 to 103 days observed with other treatment combinations. In addition to directly killing tumor cells, ONC201 and ONC206 lowered the expression of MGMT, a protein that helps tumors resist chemotherapy, making the treatment more effective.

The researchers also found that the triple therapy reshaped the tumor environment. It decreased levels of harmful molecules that promote tumor growth and immune evasion while increasing signals that activate the immune system. This dual action-directly attacking tumors and boosting immune responses—adds to the potential impact of this treatment approach.

“Overall, our preclinical findings support further exploration of the ONC201 and ONC206 IRT regimen as a potential treatment for GBM and diffuse gliomas with H3K27M mutations.”

While these findings are based on preclinical mouse models, they offer strong support for advancing this triple therapy to clinical trials. ONC201 and ONC206 are promising due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and enhance the effects of standard treatment. This combination could lead to more effective therapies for glioblastoma and other hard-to-treat brain tumors.

Reference:

Zhou L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wu LJ, Zhang S, George A, Hahn M, Safran HP, Chen CC, Seyhan AA, Wong ET, El-Deiry WS. Imipridones ONC201/ONC206 + RT/TMZ triple (IRT) therapy reduces intracranial tumor burden, prolongs survival in orthotopic IDH-WT GBM mouse model, and suppresses MGMT. Oncotarget. 2025 Mar 27;16:230-248. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.28707. 

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Link Between Periodontitis and AMD: A Modifiable Risk Factor: Study

Researchers have found in a new study that Periodontitis has a significant association with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). While factors like genetics and aging are non-modifiable, periodontitis is a treatable condition. This opens opportunities for personalized prevention strategies for AMD by focusing on dental health. Therefore, maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial for individuals at risk of developing AMD.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to systemic low-grade inflammation. Systemic low-grade inflammation has been found in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the association between periodontitis and AMD. Methods: We searched 11 scientific literature databases on 16th December 2024 for studies of a diagnosis of periodontitis and prevalent or incident AMD. Eligible studies underwent a qualitative review and meta-analysis of the association. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias within studies were made in duplicate by two authors and conferred with a senior author. Results: Seven studies eligible for review included in total 149,217 individuals. Across the seven studies, different study designs, diagnoses and definitions of periodontitis, and diagnosis and definitions of AMD were employed. Our meta-analysis showed an association between periodontitis and AMD with an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.12 to 1.78; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Periodontitis is significantly associated with AMD. Unlike genetic predisposition and high age, which are important risk factors of AMD that cannot be modified, periodontitis is a risk factor that can be treated and potentially eliminated, thus allowing for a personalized approach for risk elimination in AMD. Attention should be given to the dental health of patients at risk of AMD.

Reference:

Boberg-Ans S, Arnold-Vangsted F, Scheel-Bech AB, Boberg-Ans LC, Arnold-Vangsted A, Jakobsen C, Stokbro K, Subhi Y. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Association Between Periodontitis and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Potential for Personalized Approach. J Pers Med. 2025 Apr 5;15(4):145. doi: 10.3390/jpm15040145. PMID: 40278325; PMCID: PMC12028726.

Keywords:

Link, Between, Periodontitis, AMD, a, Modifiable, Risk, Factor, study, age-related macular degeneration; association; inflammation; meta-analysis; periodontitis, Boberg-Ans S, Arnold-Vangsted F, Scheel-Bech AB, Boberg-Ans LC, Arnold-Vangsted A, Jakobsen C, Stokbro K, Subhi Y.

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Preoperative Vitamin D Cuts Hypocalcemia Risk After Total Thyroidectomy: Study Shows

Italy: A recent meta-analysis published in the Head & Neck journal revealed that preoperative vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the risk of postoperative hypocalcemia in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.

The analysis, which included data from eight clinical trials, found that vitamin D supplementation, with or without calcium, decreased the risk of hypocalcemia by 23%. Additionally, the incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was reduced by 44%, emphasizing the potential of vitamin D to improve postoperative outcomes.

Hypocalcemia, a condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood, is a common and potentially serious complication after thyroid surgery, particularly total thyroidectomy. It occurs due to inadvertent damage to the parathyroid glands during the procedure, which can lead to impaired calcium regulation. Gian Marco Pace from the Department of Biomedical Sciences at Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy, and colleagues aimed to assess whether preoperative vitamin D supplementation can reduce the incidence of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.

For this purpose, the researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) per the PRISMA statement, focusing on postoperative hypocalcemia and symptomatic hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy.

The key findings were as follows:

  • The search identified 3808 potentially relevant publications, with eight randomized clinical trials (RCTs) included, comprising 902 patients (22.73% male, n = 205/902) with a median age of 48.9 years.
  • Four trials administered only vitamin D, three trials administered both calcium and vitamin D and one trial administered vitamin D in the intervention arm and calcium in both arms.
  • Pooled results from the eight trials demonstrated a reduced risk of postoperative hypocalcemia in the intervention group (RR, 0.77).
  • Excluding studies that administered calcium along with vitamin D still showed a similar reduced risk of postoperative hypocalcemia (RR, 0.74).
  • Analysis of six trials on postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia (n = 564) revealed a reduced risk in the vitamin D group, with or without calcium, compared to the control group (RR, 0.56).

The systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials highlights that preoperative vitamin D supplementation, with or without calcium carbonate, significantly reduces the risk of both postoperative hypocalcemia and symptomatic hypocalcemia in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.

“These findings suggest the potential benefits of incorporating vitamin D supplementation into preoperative care. However, further research is needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, standardize dosage and administration, and determine which patients would benefit most from this approach,” the authors concluded.

Reference:

Canali, L., Pace, G. M., Russell, M. D., Gaino, F., Malvezzi, L., Mazziotti, G., Lania, A., Spriano, G., Mannstadt, M., Randolph, G. W., & Mercante, G. Preoperative Vitamin D Supplementation to Reduce Hypocalcemia Following Total Thyroidectomy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Head & Neck. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.28174

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LASSO-Logistic Model may Effectively Predicts Citrate Accumulation Risk in Critical CRRT Patients: Study

Researchers have developed a predictive model using LASSO-logistic regression that has demonstrated reliable accuracy in identifying the risk of citrate accumulation in critically ill patients undergoing citrate anticoagulation for CRRT, aiding early intervention and improving patient outcomes.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU), with an incidence of more than 50% and in-hospital mortality of 30%. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an important supportive treatment for patients with AKI (Patel in Trauma Surg Acute Care Open e001381, 2024). Citrate is the preferred anticoagulant for critically ill patients requiring CRRT. Unfortunately, such patients may be confronted with citrate accumulation during citrate anticoagulation. The MIMIC-IV2.2 database was used to extract data of patients undergoing CRRT who opted for citrate anticoagulation during ICU admission, including 883 critically ill patients. These 883 patients were randomized into training (n = 618) and Internal validation (n = 265) groups at a ratio of 7:3. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)-logistic regression was utilized to screen the variables and construct the prediction model, followed by the plotting of the nomogram. Then, Utilizing the retrospective data from the ICU at Jiangbei Hospital in Nanjing, China, from 2014 to 2024 (n = 200) for external model validation, the model was evaluated with discriminant analysis, calibration curves, decision curve analysis, and rationality analysis. Results: A total of 883 critically ill patients undergoing CRRT were included, consisting of 542 males and 341 females, with a mean age of 65 ± 14 years. Additionally, there were 618 patients in the training set and 265 in the validation set. A total of 47 independent variables were obtained, among which 15 independent variables were screened with LASSO regression and included in the multivariate logistic analysis. The five risk factors ultimately included in the prediction model were height, hepatic insufficiency, mechanical ventilation, prefilter replacement rate, and albumin. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the model was 0.758 (0.701–0.816), 0.747 (0.678–0.817), and 0.714 (0.632–0.810) for the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set, respectively. The calibration curves in the training set and internal/external validation sets showed a high degree of consistency between predicted values and observed values (according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, the P-values were 0.7673, 0.2401, and 0.4512 for the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set, respectively). In addition, the Decision-Curve(DCA) revealed that the model had good clinical applicability. Nomo-score comparisons exhibited the rationality of the model.

The model developed based on LASSO-logistic regression can reliably predict the risk of citrate accumulation in critically ill patients with citrate anticoagulation for CRRT, providing valuable guidance for the application of early measures to prevent the occurrence of citrate accumulation and to improve the prognosis of patients.

Reference:

Hu, ZQ., Ye, ZL., Zou, H. et al. Development and validation of a prediction model for the risk of citrate accumulation in critically ill patients with citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy: a retrospective cohort study based on MIMIC-IV database. BMC Nephrol 26, 183 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04106-2

Keywords:

BMC Nephrology, Hu, ZQ., Ye, ZL., Zou, H, LASSO-LogisticModel, Effectively, Predicts, Citrate, Accumulation, Risk Critically Ill Patients, Study

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Vitamin supplements slow down the progression of glaucoma, reveals research

A vitamin supplement that improves metabolism in the eye appears to slow down damage to the optic nerve in glaucoma. Promising results have been published in the journal Cell Reports Medicine. The researchers behind the study have now started a clinical trial on patients.

In glaucoma, the optic nerve is gradually damaged, leading to vision loss and, in the worst cases, blindness. High pressure in the eye drives the disease, and eye drops, laser treatment or surgery are therefore used to lower the pressure in the eye and thus slow down the disease. Unfortunately, however, the effect varies.

Glaucoma researchers have long theorised that the substance homocysteine is somehow relevant to understanding the disease. Now, researchers at Karolinska Institutet have investigated the role of homocysteine in several ways. In the current study, the researchers discovered that when rats with glaucoma were given elevated levels of homocysteine, their disease did not worsen.

The researchers also found that high levels of homocysteine in the blood of people with glaucoma did not correlate with how quickly the disease progressed, and that glaucoma was not more common in people with a genetic susceptibility to forming high levels of homocysteine. Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that homocysteine does not drive the disease but is a consequence of it.

Since homocysteine is a natural part of the body’s metabolism, the researchers wanted to investigate metabolic pathways involving homocysteine in both rodents and humans with glaucoma. They then saw several abnormalities, the most important of which were metabolic changes linked to the retina’s ability to use certain vitamins. This change meant that metabolism was slowed down locally in the retina – and this played a role in the development of the disease.

‘Our conclusion is that homocysteine is a bystander in the disease process, not a player. Altered homocysteine levels may reveal that the retina has lost its ability to use certain vitamins that are necessary to maintain healthy metabolism. That’s why we wanted to investigate whether supplements of these vitamins could protect the retina,’ says co-lead on the paper James Tribble, researcher and assistant professor at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience at Karolinska Institutet.

In experiments on mice and rats with glaucoma, the researchers gave supplements of the B vitamins B6, B9 and B12, as well as choline. This had a positive effect. In mice that had a slower developing glaucoma, the damage to the optic nerve was completely halted. In rats, which had a more aggressive form of the disease with faster progression, the disease was slowed down.

In these experiments, eye pressure was left untreated, which the researchers highlight as particularly interesting – it suggests that the vitamin mix affects the disease in a different way than lowering eye pressure does.

‘The results are so promising that we have started a clinical trial, with patients already being recruited at S:t Eriks Eye Hospital in Stockholm,’ says James Tribble.

Both patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (slower progression) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (faster progression) are included.

Reference:

Tribble, James R. et al.,Dysfunctional one-carbon metabolism identifies vitamins B6, B9, B12, and choline as neuroprotective in glaucoma, Cell Reports Medicine, DOI:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102127 

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MUHS Postpones PhD Entrance Test

Maharashtra- The Maharashtra University of Health Sciences (MUHS) has postponed the MUHS PhD Entrance Test (PET) 2024-25 exam. Earlier, it was originally scheduled for May 25, 2025.

Through the notification issued in this regard, MUHS has informed all concerned that, after careful consideration due to several postponement requests received regarding the MUHS PhD Entrance Test (PET) for 2024-25, the exam has been deferred.

As per the notification, the MUHS PhD Entrance Test (PET) 2024-25 will now be held on June 1, 2025, at 08:00 am at Mumbai Educational Trust, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Near Rural Police Headquarters, Adgaon, Nashik.

Also Read: MUHS Releases Provisional Merit List for Summer Internship Program 2025, Details

Meanwhile, it is to be noted that candidates will not be allowed in the Examination Hall without a hall ticket. The candidate must carry Original Valid Identity proof (Adhar Card, passport, Voter Identity Card or Driving License or PAN Card) along with the hall ticket during examination for verification, failing which he/she will not be allowed for the examination.

As per the seating arrangement, the candidate must occupy their seat upto 09:00 AM. Under any circumstances, no candidate will be permitted to appear for the examination after the commencement of the examination. The examination will be conducted in an online mode only.

No candidate will be permitted to leave the examination hall/room before 01:30 PM, irrespective they have completely solved their question paper. Any candidate who remains absent in Paper I will not be permitted to appear in Paper II. No request for change in Examination Centre or Date of Examination will be entertained by the University. No TA/DA will be paid to the candidates for appearing in the test.

TIMINGS OF THE EXAMINATION SHALL BE AS UNDER

PAPER

NAME OF PAPER

TIMINGS

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS

MARKS

I

General Aptitude & Research Methodology.

10:00 AM to 11:30 AM

50 MCQ

100 marks

11.30 to 12.00 RECESS

II

Subject Knowledge Test.

12:00 PM to 01:30 PM

50 MCQ

100 marks

To view the notification, click the link below

https://medicaldialogues.in/pdf_upload/muhs-postpones-phd-entrance-test-2024-25-to-june-1-286169.pdf

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Apply Online For Faculty Posts at Kerala Public Service Commission, All Details Are Here!

Kerala: The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) has invited online application for Faculty posts on Direct Recruitment Basis in Medical Education Department. The selection will be done based on the written exam and interview. 

KPSC is a body created by the Constitution of India. The Commission advise the Government on all matters relating to civil services referred to it under Article 320 (3) of the Constitution and publish notifications inviting applications for selection to various posts as per the requisitions of the appointing authorities, conduct written test and/or practical tests, physical efficiency test and interview, prepare ranked list based on the performance of the candidates and advise candidates for appointment strictly based on their merit and observing the rules of reservation as and when vacancies are reported. The Head Office of the Kerala Public Service Commission is situated at Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram, the State Capital.

KPSC Vacancy Details:

Total no of vacancies: 04

The Vacancies are in the Department of Medical Oncology, Urology, Anatomy, and Surgical Gastroenterology.

Last Date of Application: 4th June 2025 up to 12.00 Midnight.

For more details about Qualifications, Age, Pay Allowance, and much more, click on the given link:
https://medicaljob.in/jobs.php?post_type=&job_tags=KPSC&location=&job_sector=all

Method of Submitting Applications:-

a) Candidates must register as per ‘ONE TIME REGISTRATION’ with the Official Website of Kerala Public Service Commission www.keralapsc.gov.in before applying for the post. Candidates who have registered can apply by logging on to their profile using their User-ID and password. Candidates must click on the ‘Apply Now’ button of the respective posts in the Notification Link to apply for the post. Candidates who create new Profile should upload their Photograph taken within a period of 6 months. Name of the candidate and the date of photograph taken should be printed legibly at the bottom portion.

b) The photograph once uploaded meeting all requirements shall be valid for 10 years from the date of uploading. There is no change in other instructions regarding the uploading of photographs. No application fee is required. Candidates are responsible for the correctness of the personal information and secrecy of password. Before the final submission of the application on the profile candidates must ensure correctness of the information in their profile.

c) They must quote the User-ID for further communication with the Commission. Application submitted is provisional and cannot be deleted or altered after submission. Candidates are advised to keep a printout or soft copy of the online application for future reference. Candidates can take the print out of the application by clicking on the link `My applications’ in their profile. All correspondence with the Commission, regarding the application should be accompanied with the print out of the application. The application will be summarily rejected if non-compliance with the notification is found in due course of processing.

d) Original Documents to prove qualification, experience, age, Community etc. have to be produced as and when called for. The profile correction made by the candidates themselves or through the office of the KPSC on request after the last date fixed for the receipt of applications will not be reflected in the application. Such corrections will come into effect only on the date on which corrections have been made.

e) If written/OMR/Online Test is conducted as part of this selection, candidates shall submit a confirmation for writing the examination through their One Time Registration Profile. Such candidates alone can generate and download the Admission Tickets in the last 15 days till the date of Test. The applications of candidates who do not submit confirmation within the stipulated period, will be rejected absolutely. The periods regarding the submission of confirmation and the availability of Admission Tickets will be published in the Examination Calender itself. Information in this regard will be given to the candidates in their respective profiles and in the Mobile Phone Number rgistered in it.

f) “Candidates who have AADHAR Card should add AADHAR as ID Proof in their profile.”

Special Instructions to Candidates :-

(a)In the case of difference in Caste/Community claimed in the application and that entered in SSLC book, the candidate shall produce a Gazette Notification in this regard, along with Non Creamy Layer Certificate/Community Certificate at the time of certificate verification.

(b)Candidates are required to acquaint themselves with the instructions given in the notification as Part II, General Conditions before submitting application for the post. Applications which are not submitted in accordance with the terms and conditions laid down in the General Conditions are liable to be rejected.

(c)Appropriate disciplinary action as per Rule 22 of the Kerala Public Service Commission Rules of Procedure shall be initiated against those candidates who submit applications with bogus claims of qualification regarding education, experience etc. and are liable to be disqualified for being considered for a particular post or debarment from applying to the Commission either permanently or for any period or the invalidation of their answer scripts or products in a written/practical test or the initiation of criminal or other proceedings against them or their removal or dismissal from office or the ordering of any other disciplinary action against them if they have already been appointed, or any one or more of the above.

Website Address to which applications are to be sent:- www.keralapsc.gov.in .

(For details including Photo ,ID Card , etc. refer the General Conditions given in part II of the Gazette Notification.)

Also Read:Apply NOW At AIIMS Bhubaneswar! Assistant Professor Post, Check All Details

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NEET PG 2025 Correction Window to close May 13, Pre-final edit window from May 17

New Delhi- The National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS) is going to open the Pre-Final Selective Edit Window to rectify Deficient/Incorrect Images in National Eligibility and Entrance Test-Postgraduate (NEET PG) exam 2025 applications soon. Recently, NBEMS ended the registration process for the NEET PG exam 2025.

As per the schedule released by NBEMS, registered candidates will be able to make corrections in their application forms through Pre-Final Selective Edit Window from May 17 to 21, 2025. Candidates will only be allowed to correct incomplete or incorrect images of their photograph, signature and thumb impression.

Right now, the Candidates can access the NEET PG exam 2025 Edit Window for All Payment Success Applications (Any information/documents can be edited except Name, Nationality, Email, Mobile number and Test City) through the official website of NBEMS till 13th May 2025

Meanwhile, the NEET PG final edit window will be opened from May 24 to 26, 2025. 

Also Read: NEET PG Transparency Plea In Supreme Court- New Hearing Date May 15

STEPS FOR NEET PG EXAM 2025 CORRECTION WINDOW

STEP 1- Go to the official website of NBE.

STEP 2- Navigate to the ‘NEET PG’ exam tab.

STEP 3- Click on the ‘Applicant Login’.

STEP 5- Then, click on ‘Go to application form’.

STEP 6- The NEET PG application form, containing all the necessary details, will be displayed on the screen.

STEP 7- Edit the required details and review all sections for accuracy.

STEP 8- Click on ‘Save and Next’ after completing each section.

STEP 9- At last, click on ‘Save and Submit’.

STEP 10- The NEET PG application form with the modified details will be displayed on the screen.

The following tabs can be edited by students in the NEET PG correction window-

1 Date of Birth.

2 Students Category.

3 Physical Disability Status.

4 Gender.

5 EwS Status

The NEET PG exam 2025 is scheduled to be held on June 15, 2025. Individuals who will register for the exam online will be able to download their hall tickets from June 11 onwards. However, the result is expected to be declared by July 15, 2025. 

Also Read: NEET PG 2025 Application Correction Window OPEN

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Five minutes exposure to junk food marketing results in children consuming 130 kcals more per day, trial finds

Exposure to junk food advertisements (relative to non-food) results in children and adolescents consuming significantly more calories during the day, regardless of the type of media advertising, according to a randomized crossover trial being presented at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO) in Malaga, Spain (11–14 May).

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