Repeated low-level red light therapy exhibits clinical significance as short-term alternative for childhood myopia control: Study

Egypt: Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) treatment for childhood myopia treatment demonstrated significant benefits over single-vision spectacles, recent research published in BMC Ophthalmology has revealed.

The systematic review and meta-analysis showed that RLRL treatment demonstrated significant benefits in terms of reducing axial length (AL), positively impacting subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and improving spherical equivalent refraction (SER) over a 3, 6, and 12-month follow-up.

“Repeated Low-Level Red Light exhibited clinical significance as a short-term alternative for myopia control with good user acceptability and no documented functional or structural damage,” the researchers wrote. However, the long-term effects of RLRL treatment and the rebound effect after cessation require further investigations.”

According to the researchers, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis investigating only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evidence supporting the efficacy of 650 nm RLRL for myopia control in the short term of 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up.

Myopia is the most prevalent form of refractive error that has a major adverse effect on visual function and causes blurring of vision. High myopia is linked to a significant risk of disorders that permanently impair vision, such as glaucoma, myopic maculopathy, retinal detachment, and staphyloma. As a result, myopia is a significant public health issue, and a strategy is urgently needed to stop its progression.

Mohamed Ashraf Youssef, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef City, Beni Suef, Egypt, and colleagues sought to determine if Repeated Low-Level Red Light treatment is beneficial in treating childhood myopia in terms of spherical equivalent refraction, axial length, and subfoveal choroidal thickness.

For this purpose, the researchers performed a systematic review of RLRL for myopia treatment in children compared to single vision spectacles (SVS). They employed a search strategy with keywords myopia and low-level light therapy, then they searched for online databases. The mean differences (MD) were used to evaluate the treatment effects.

The meta-analysis included five RCTs comprising 833 patients, 407 in the treatment group and 426 in the control group.

Based on the review, the researchers reported the following findings:

  • At a 3-month follow-up period, pooled studies show a statistical difference in AL between the RLRL and SVS group (MD = -0.16, SER (MD = 0.33), and SFCT (MD = 43.65).
  • At a 6 month follow-up period, pooled studies show a statistical difference in AL between the RLRL and SVS group (MD = -0.21), SER (MD = 0.46), and SFCT (MD = 25.07).
  • At a 12-month follow-up period, pooled studies show a statistical difference in AL between RLRL and SVS group (MD = -0.31) and SER (MD = 0.63).

In conclusion, the findings showed the clinical significance of RLRL for myopia control concerning SER, AL, and SFCT. It slowed down and reversed the myopia progression in a large proportion of children. RLRL therapy is an effective new alternative treatment for myopia control. However, there is a need to investigate the effect of long-term RLRL treatment and the rebound effect after cessation.

Reference:

Youssef, M.A., Shehata, A.R., Adly, A.M. et al. Efficacy of Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) therapy on myopia outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 24, 78 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03337-5

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Bonding of second molars enhances the outcome of non-extraction fixed orthodontic treatment, finds study

Bonding of second molars enhances the outcome of non-extraction fixed orthodontic treatment, finds a study published in the Angle Orthodontist.

A study was done to compare orthodontic treatment (OT) outcomes in adolescents undergoing non-extraction fixed OT with or without bonding of second molars using the score of the American Board of Orthodontics Cast Radiograph Evaluation (C-R-Eval). This study included healthy adolescents with skeletal Class I or mild Class II/Class III malocclusion, normal or deep overbite (OB), and mild-to-moderate dental crowding (<5 mm) who underwent non-extraction fixed OT with (“bonded” group) or without (“not-bonded” group) bonding of second molars. Patient treatment records, pre- and posttreatment digital models, lateral cephalograms, and orthopantomograms were assessed. The evaluated outcomes included levelling of the curve of Spee (COS), OB, control of incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA), number of emergency visits (related to poking wires and/or bracket failure of the terminal molar tubes), treatment duration, and C-R-Eval. Treatment variables were compared across time points and among groups. Results: The sample included 30 patients (mean age 16.07 ± 1.80 years) in the bonded group and 32 patients (mean age 15.69 ± 1.86 years) in the not-bonded group. The mean overall C-R-Eval score was significantly higher (P < .001) in the not-bonded group (25.25 ± 3.98) than in the bonded group (17.70 ± 2.97). There were no significant differences in mean changes of COS, OB, IMPA, or treatment duration among groups. The mean number of emergency visits was significantly higher in the bonded (3.3 ± 0.6) than the not-bonded group (1.9 ± 0.4) (P < .001). Bonding of second molars enhances the outcome of non-extraction fixed OT as demonstrated by the C-R-Eval without increasing treatment duration, irrespective of more emergency visits.

Reference:

Fares Alshuraim, Christopher Burns, Darren Morgan, Luay Jabr, Paul Emile Rossouw, Dimitrios Michelogiannakis; The second molar dilemma in orthodontics: to bond or not to bond?. Angle Orthod 2024; doi: https://doi.org/10.2319/071223-487.1

Keywords:

Bonding, second molars, enhances, outcome, nonextraction, fixed, orthodontic treatment, Fares Alshuraim, Christopher Burns, Darren Morgan, Luay Jabr, Paul Emile Rossouw, Dimitrios Michelogiannakis, Bonding of second molars, Cast-radiograph evaluation, Fixed orthodontic treatment, Treatment duration, Treatment outcomes, Angle Orthodontist

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Breakthrough Treatment for Polymorphic Light Eruption: Tofacitinib Shows Promise in Resistant Cases

A recent study has unveiled promising
results for individuals suffering from polymorphous light eruption (PMLE), a
sun-induced skin condition characterized by a delayed hypersensitivity
reaction. The study found that tofacitinib,
by inhibiting Janus kinase (JAK)1 and JAK3, may modulate the cytokine milieu in
PMLE, potentially reducing the expression of aberrant inflammatory T
lymphocytes. Thus, Researchers found that tofacitinib is
efficacious, in treating refractory cases of PMLE. The study, conducted on
seven patients who had previously failed multiple treatments, offers a glimmer
of hope for those struggling with the debilitating effects of this sun allergy.

The study results were published in the journal Dermatitis.

Also Read: Botulinum toxin useful therapeutic option to improve cutaneous flushing, finds study

PMLE is recognized for its delayed
immune response to endogenous ultraviolet-induced skin antigens. Individuals
afflicted with this condition often experience itching and skin reactions after
sun exposure. Managing PMLE can be challenging, especially in cases where
standard treatments prove ineffective or lead to relapses.

In this groundbreaking study, seven patients
resistant to conventional therapies were given tofacitinib after providing
informed consent.

Findings:


  • The results were nothing short of
    remarkable.
  • Tofacitinib initiation led to a rapid reduction in itching, with a
    mean time of 3.1 ± 1.12 days.

  • Subsequently, clinical resolution was
    achieved in a surprisingly short period, with a mean time of 2.6 ± 1.1 weeks.


  • The duration of tofacitinib therapy
    varied among participants, ranging from 1 to 3 months, with an average duration
    of 2 ± 0.63 months.

  • Of significance, four out of seven
    patients experienced a recurrence within 5.5 weeks.

  • However, upon reinitiating
    tofacitinib, a prompt response was observed, signifying the medication’s
    potential in managing recurring PMLE episodes.

Also Read: Transdermal capillary sampling of C-peptide promising alternative to venous sampling in people with type 1 diabetes


The mechanism behind tofacitinib’s
success in PMLE lies in its ability to inhibit JAK1 and JAK3, thereby
modulating the cytokine milieu associated with this sun allergy. By doing so,
the medication appears to reduce the expression of aberrant inflammatory T
lymphocytes, offering relief to patients who have struggled with the chronic
and often perplexing nature of PMLE.

This breakthrough presents a new
avenue for the treatment of sun-induced skin conditions, offering hope to
individuals who have found conventional therapies ineffective. The findings
open the door for further exploration into the role of JAK inhibitors in
managing other dermatological conditions with immune-mediated components.

While additional research is warranted
to fully understand the long-term effects and broader applicability of
tofacitinib in PMLE, this study marks a significant stride toward personalized
and effective treatments for those grappling with sun allergies and related
skin disorders.

Further reading: Tofacitinib: A Treatment Option for Recalcitrant Polymorphic Light Eruption and Its Mechanistic Rationale.  https://doi.org/10.1089/derm.2023.0360

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Intervention reduces likelihood of developing postpartum anxiety and depression by more than 70%

Results from a large clinical trial funded by the National Institutes of Health show that an intervention for anxiety provided to pregnant women living in Pakistan significantly reduced the likelihood of the women developing moderate-to-severe anxiety, depression, or both six weeks after birth. The unique intervention was administered by non-specialized providers who had the equivalent of a bachelor’s degree in psychology-but no clinical experience. The results suggest this intervention could be an effective way to prevent the development of postpartum mental health challenges in women living in low-resource settings.

“In low resource settings, it can be challenging for women to access mental health care due to a global shortage of trained mental health specialists,” said Joshua A. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the National Institute of Mental Health, part of NIH. “This study shows that non-specialists could help to fill this gap, providing care to more women during this critical period.”

Led by Pamela J. Surkan, Ph.D., Sc.D., of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, the study was conducted in the Punjab Province of Pakistan between April 2019 and January 2022. Pregnant women with symptoms of at least mild anxiety were randomly assigned to receive either routine pregnancy care or a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based intervention called Happy Mother-Healthy Baby. The researchers assessed the participants (380 women in the CBT group and 375 women in the routine care group) for anxiety and depression six weeks after the birth of their child.

The researchers found that 9% of women in the intervention group developed moderate-to-severe anxiety compared with 27% of women in the routine care group. Additionally, 12% percent of women in the intervention group developed depression compared with 41% of women in the routine care group.

“Postpartum depression not only harms mothers, it is also associated with poorer physical growth and delayed cognitive development in their children,” said Dr. Surkan. “The link between maternal and child health highlights the critical importance of developing effective ways to address postpartum anxiety and depression.”

The Happy Mother-Healthy Baby intervention was created using input from pregnant women in a hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Pregnant women took part in six intervention sessions where they learned to identify anxious thoughts and behaviors, such as thoughts about possible miscarriage, and to practice replacing them with helpful thoughts and behaviors. The first five sessions were conducted in early to mid-pregnancy, and the sixth session occurred in the third trimester.

Prior research suggests that up to 30% of women in the Global South, which includes South America, Africa, and most of southern Asia, report experiencing anxiety during pregnancy. Anxiety during pregnancy predicts the development of anxiety and depression after birth, making the prenatal period a prime target for intervention. However, it can be challenging for women living in low-resource settings to access trained clinical care. The findings from this study demonstrate that an intervention such as Happy Mother-Healthy Baby could be an effective way to help prevent the development of postpartum depression and anxiety in settings where specialist clinical care may be hard to access.

“In the future, we can build on these findings through implementation research. Having identified an intervention that works, the next step is to figure out the best ways to deliver effective treatment to the people who need it, bridging the gap between science and practice,” said Dr. Surkan.

Reference:

Surkan, P. J., Malik, A., Perin, J., Atif, N., Rowther, A., Zaidi, A., & Rahman, A. (2024). Anxiety-focused cognitive behavioral therapy delivered by non-specialists to prevent postnatal depression: A randomized, phase 3 trial. Nature Medicine. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-02809-x.

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Hyperlactatemia after heart transplantat tied to greater risk of mortality and veno-arterial ECMO initiation: Study

Hyperlactatemia (HL) is a prevalent complication following cardiac surgery. It is related to tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia. The condition is tied to poor clinical outcomes.

According to a study published in the Journal of Cardiology, Severe hyperlactatemia following orthotopic heart transplant was linked to a higher likelihood of VA ECMO initiation and mortality at 30 days post-transplant.

Although HL is often observed following orthotopic heart transplantation (OHTx), the relationship between the two pertaining to outcomes is unclear. The study investigated the occurrence and consequences of HL in patients following OHTx.

This study examined 209 adult patients who underwent heart transplantation between January 2011 and December 2020. These were stratified into three groups based on peak lactate levels within the first 72 hours postoperatively: group 1 (normal to mild hyperlactatemia, <5 mmol/L, n=42), group 2 (moderate hyperlactatemia, 5-10 mmol/L, n=110), and group 3 (severe hyperlactatemia, >10 mmol/L, n=57). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( VA ECMO) initiation within 30 days, while secondary endpoints included duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, and hospital LOS.
Key results of the study are:
  • Patients with higher postoperative peak lactate levels were more commonly transplanted from left ventricular assist device support (33.3 % vs 50.9 % vs 64.9). They had longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (127 min vs 141 min vs 153 min)
  • 8.6 % of patients (n=18) met the Composite primary endpoint. It was more common in patients with higher postoperative peak lactate levels (0.0 % vs 6.4 % vs 19.3 %).
  • Postoperative hyperlactatemia (HL) >5 mmol/L was seen in 79.9% of patients after OHTx.
  • Early postoperative HL was tied to a greater risk of mortality and or use of VA ECMO.
  • The threshold value was high, around 10 mmol/L. the sensitivity and specificity were 61.1% and 75.9%, respectively.
  • There was a 32 % increase in the risk of the primary outcome for each unit increase in lactate with OR 1.32
  • CPB time and preoperative durable LVAD were associated with postoperative severe HL.
Concluding further, they found Postoperative HL to be associated with a higher rate of death and or use of VA ECMO. Cardiopulmonary bypass time and preoperative durable left ventricular assist device were related to postoperative severe HL.
Reference:
Doi, A., Batchelor, R., Demase, K. C., Manfield, J. C., Burrell, A., Paul, E., Marasco, S., Kaye, D., & McGiffin, D. C. (2024). Impact of postoperative hyperlactatemia in Orthotopic heart transplantation. Journal of Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2024.02.001

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Incidence, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of acute mesenteric ischaemia, AMESI Study reveals

Recently published multicentre prospective observational study was conducted to investigate the incidence, patient characteristics, diagnostic pathway, management, and outcome of acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI). The study included adult patients with clinical suspicion of AMI admitted or transferred to 32 participating hospitals worldwide. It was found that AMI occurred in 0.038% of adult admissions in participating acute care hospitals, with a total of 705 included patients, of which 418 patients had confirmed AMI. The study revealed that occlusive arterial AMI was the most common type diagnosed, followed by venous AMI and non-occlusive AMI (NOMI).

Management and Outcome of Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia (AMI)

In 69% of cases, AMI was the primary reason for hospital admission, and in 31% of cases, AMI occurred after being admitted with another diagnosis. The median time from onset of symptoms to hospital admission was 24 hours, and the time from admission to diagnosis was 6 hours. Initial management involved surgery in 58% of patients, with 24.4% undergoing revascularization. The overall in-hospital and 90-day mortality rates for AMI were 49% and 53.3%, respectively, with the highest mortality seen in the NOMI subtype (72.7% and 74.5%).

Variability and Need for Standardization in Management of Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia (AMI)

The study also highlighted the variability between participating sites for most variables studied, indicating a lack of standardized management internationally. Furthermore, the findings suggest a need for greater awareness of AMI, better guidance in diagnosis and management, and emphasize the importance of computed tomography angiography and immediate surgical treatment in patients with suspected AMI. The study provided valuable insights into the incidence, characteristics, diagnostic pathways, management, and outcomes of AMI, but also highlighted the need for further research and consensus processes to improve the understanding and management of this condition.

Reference –

Reintam Blaser, A., Mändul, M., Björck, M. et al. Incidence, diagnosis, management and outcome of acute mesenteric ischaemia: a prospective, multicentre observational study (AMESI Study). Crit Care 28, 32 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-024-04807-4

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Gastric bypass surgery bests sleeve gastrectomy for continued remission of diabetes, finds study

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is known for its high rates of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission, believed to be primarily driven by weight loss. However, recent research suggests that RYGB may offer metabolic benefits beyond weight reduction, especially compared to sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Researchers have found in a new study that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was superior to sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in managing T2DM in obese patients.

This study was published in the Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons by Ghanem and colleagues.

This study aimed to investigate the continued diabetes remission (CDR) rates despite weight recurrence (WR) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass compared to SG. A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent RYGB or SG with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 and a preoperative diagnosis of T2DM. Patients with less than five years of follow-up, absence of WR, or lack of T2DM remission at nadir weight were excluded. CDR rates were stratified into WR quartiles and compared between RYGB and SG cohorts.

The key findings of the study were:

  • 224 RYGB and 46 SG patients were analyzed.

  • Overall CDR rate was significantly higher in the RYGB group (75%) compared to the SG group (34.8%).

  • Odds of T2DM recurrence were 5.5 times higher after SG compared to RYGB.

  • Rates of CDR were stratified into WR quartiles: 85.5% (<25% WR), 81.7% (25-44.9% WR), 63.2% (45-74.9% WR), and 60% (>75% WR).

  • Baseline insulin use, higher preoperative HbA1c, and longer preoperative duration of T2DM were associated with T2DM recurrence, whereas WR was not.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass demonstrates continued diabetes remission rates despite weight recurrence, suggesting a weight-loss independent metabolic benefit, likely facilitated by bypassing the proximal small-intestine. These findings underscore the potential superiority of RYGB over SG in managing T2DM in obese patients.

Reference:

Ghanem, O. M., Abi Mosleh, K., Kerbage, A., Lu, L., Hage, K., & Abu Dayyeh, B. K. Continued diabetes remission despite weight recurrence: Gastric bypass long-term metabolic benefit. Journal of the American College of Surgeons,2024 10.1097/XCS.0000000000000934. https://doi.org/10.1097/xcs.0000000000000934

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Recent trends in epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India: Key takeaways

India: A recent study published in the Indian Heart Journal has shed light on the trends in the epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India.

Dyslipidemia is the most important risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). High total cholesterol and its principal subtypes: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein (NHDL) cholesterol are the most important. The article does not cover the epidemiology of lipoprotein(a), an emerging risk factor.

Epidemiological and Mendelian randomization studies have confirmed the role of raised triglycerides and lipoprotein(a). Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study identified raised NHDL cholesterol as the most important risk factor. Regional and multisite epidemiological studies in India have reported increasing population levels of total-, LDL-, and NHDL cholesterol and triglycerides. INTERHEART study showed a significant association of raised ApoB/ApoA1, total-, LDL-, and NHDL-cholesterol in South Asians.

India Heart Watch reported a higher prevalence of total and LDL cholesterol in northern and western Indian cities. ICMR-INDIAB study reported regional variations in hypercholesterolemia (≥200 mg/dl) from 4.6 % to 50.3 %, with greater prevalence in northern states, Kerala, Goa, and West Bengal.

Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration and Global Burden of Diseases Studies have reported increasing LDL- and NHDL-cholesterol in India. Studies among emigrant Indians in the UK and USA have reported higher triglycerides compared to Caucasians.

The key takeaways from the study are as follows:

  • Dyslipidemia prevalence varies with age, gender, residence region, and socioeconomic status. There are geographic variations in the prevalence of various dyslipidemias in India. India Heart Watch study in 11 cities across India reported variable prevalence of various dyslipidaemias in different geographic regions.
  • While the prevalence of raised total and LDL-C was higher in northern and western Indian cities that of raised triglycerides was higher in eastern and southern states. Cities with better human development index had higher total and LDL-C, while those with lower development index had more hypertriglyceridemia.
  • Significant state-level variation in various dyslipidemias has been reported by the ICMR-INDIAB study. This study shows that the highest prevalence of raised total and LDL cholesterol is in more developed states of the country (Kerala, Goa, Delhi, etc.) while hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL are widely prevalent.
  • Dietary factors could be important but need more studies.
  • Adherence to well-structured population-based and individual-level interventions to reduce dyslipidemia, as suggested by the World Heart Federation, shall result in a decrease in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in our country.

“Identification of regional variations and trends in dyslipidemias needs more nationwide surveys,” the researchers wrote. “Prospective studies are needed to assess the quantum of risk with the incidence of coronary artery disease.”

Reference:

Sharma, S., Gaur, K., & Gupta, R. (2024). Trends in epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India. Indian Heart Journal.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2023.11.266

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AIIMS NORCET 6 Exam 2024 registration begins, All details here, Apply Now

New Delhi- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) has invited online applications for the Nursing Officer Recruitment Common Eligibility Test (NORCET-6) for recruitment to Nursing Officer posts at Level 07.

As per the notice, Online (CBT) for stage I for NORCET Preliminary will be held on Sunday, April 14, 2024 and the Online (CBT) for stage II for NORCET Mains is scheduled to be held on Sunday, May 5th, 2024.

Interested applicants can submit their application through online mode only. Online applications can be made through the official website of AIIMS from 26 February to 17 March 2024 till 5:00 pm.

Also Read: AIIMS Extends Online Application Process For NORCET-5 Till 28th August, details

ESSENTIAL QUALIFICATION

1 B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing / B.Sc. Nursing from an Indian Nursing Council/state Nursing council recognized Institute or UniversityOR BSc. (Post-Certificate) / Post-Basic B.Sc. Nursing from an Indian Nursing Council/State Nursing council recognized Institute/ University.

2 Registered as Nurses & Midwife with State / Indian Nursing Council

3 Diploma in General Nursing Midwifery from an Indian Nursing Council/State Nursing council recognized Institute / Board or Council.

4 Registered as Nurses & Midwife in State / Indian Nursing Council.

5 Two Years’ Experience in a minimum 50 bedded Hospital after acquiring the educational qualification mentioned above as applicable for all Participating AIIMS.

It is to be noted that candidates must have two years of valid experience. The experience shall be acquired after obtaining Essential Qualification, i.e. after completing the residency period of the course, declaration of result & registration with the State/Indian Nursing Council.

APPLICATION FEE

A General/OBC Candidates- Rs.3000/- (Rupees Three Thousand only) B) SC/ST.

B Candidates/EWS- Rs.2400/- (Rupees Twenty-Four Hundred only) .

C Persons with Disabilities- Exempted.

Also Read: AIIMS Adds 332 Seats For NORCET 2023, Details

IMPORTANT POINTS

1 The candidate can pay the prescribed application fee through DEBIT CARD/CREDIT CARD/ NETBANKING. Transaction / Processing fee, if any, as applicable, will be payable to the bank by the candidate.

2 Application fee, once remitted, shall not be refunded under any circumstances.

3 Applications without the prescribed fee would not be considered and summarily rejected.

4 Application Fees of SC/ST candidates who appear in the Examination will be refunded after the declaration of results in due course of time after verification of SC/ST certificate to be uploaded at a later stage.

DOCUMENTS

1 Candidates applying under any of the reserved category i.e. SC/ST/OBC will be considered subject to submission of valid Caste certificate on a prescribed format issued by the competent authority.

2 For Persons with Disability, Disability Certificate issued by duly constituted and authorised Medical Board in the proforma prescribed by the Department of Personnel & Training Vide O.M. No. 36035/3/2004-Estt. (Res.) dated 29.12.2005.

3 Educational qualification certificates/Category Certificates etc. must be submitted as and when required by AIIMS New Delhi or by the respective Institute and also on the day of document verification, failing which candidature will be canceled.

4 Those who are in employment with state/Central Govt/PSU, must submit a “NO OBJECTION CERTIFICATE” from the employer at the time of verification of documents or as asked to upload.

Also Read: AIIMS NORCET 2023 Registration Process To End Today

AGE LIMIT

For AIIMS, the candidates must be between 18-30 Years. It has been instructed that the age will be counted on the last date of closing of the application form.

PAY SCALE

As per the notice, the pay matrix pre-revised pay band -2 is Rs. 9300-34800 with grade pay Rs. 4600/-, as per the vacancies available in Group-B respective institutions for AIIMS New Delhi and other AIIMS.

Lastly, it is clearly directed that if any person is found guilty of misconduct for any reason then legal and disciplinary action will be initiated by AIIMS, New Delhi.

To view the official notice, click the link below

https://medicaldialogues.in/pdf_upload/nursing-officer-recruitment-common-eligibility-testnorcet-6-233180.pdf

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Elobixibat Shows Promise in Treating Chronic Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease

Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal issue among individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD), significantly impacting their quality of life. Elobixibat, an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor, has shown potential in improving bowel movements and stool consistency in patients with chronic constipation.

However, its efficacy specifically in PD patients with constipation has not been extensively studied. A recent double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of elobixibat in PD patients with chronic constipation. This study was published in the journal Of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society by Taku H. and colleagues.

The study consisted of a 2-week observation/washout period followed by a 4-week treatment period. Patients were assessed for spontaneous bowel movements (SBM) frequency, stool form, quality of life (QOL) parameters, and adverse events. The study included 38 patients in the elobixibat group and 39 in the placebo group, with 37 patients completing the study in each group.

The key findings of the study were:

  • The elobixibat group showed a significant increase in SBM frequency per week from baseline (4.2 ± 2.6) to Week 4 (5.9 ± 3.2) (P = 0.0079).

  • Whereas the placebo group did not show a significant increase (4.5 ± 2.7 to 5.3 ± 3.5; P = 0.0889).

  • Although the primary endpoint of between-group difference in frequency changes at Week 4 was not significant after adjustment, a significant difference was observed at Week 1.

  • Additionally, elobixibat improved stool form and scores related to satisfaction and stigma.

Elobixibat demonstrated improvement in SBM frequency and QOL parameters, suggesting its potential therapeutic benefits in PD patients with chronic constipation. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term efficacy and safety of elobixibat in this patient population.

Reference:

Hatano, T., Oyama, G., Shimo, Y., Ogaki, K., Nishikawa, N., Nakamura, R., Tsunemi, T., Ogawa, T., Eguchi, H., Daida, K., Kurita, N., Ueno, S.-I., Fukae, J., Sako, W., Shiina, K., Nakajima, S., Oji, Y., Wakamori, R., Saiki, S., … Hattori, N. Efficacy and safety of elobixibat in Parkinson’s disease with chronic constipation: CONST‐PD study. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice,2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.13972

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