MP Cabinet approval to making District hospitals available for setting up medical colleges under PPP model

Bhopal: The Madhya Pradesh cabinet on Monday approved a proposal to facilitate the availability of government district hospitals to investors who want to establish medical colleges under the public-private partnership (PPP) model.

This will reduce the investment cost and the investor will only need to build the medical college and not a hospital along with it, state Urban Development Minister Kailash Vijayvargiya said.

A hospital is needed for a medical college and the state government has such facilities (hospitals) in every district, he said.

Also Read:Tripura open to setting up its 3rd medical college under PPP Mode

The decision was taken in the cabinet meeting chaired by Chief Minister Mohan Yadav, he said.

For the establishment of medical colleges under the PPP model, the government will provide land at the collector guideline rates to investors, he said.

It is considered that establishing a hospital and the medical college together cost around Rs 500 crore to the investors, the minister said.

“The government will give the district hospital to the investor in a bid to reduce the investment cost. So, the investor doesn’t need to construct a hospital and will only need to build the medical college,” he said.

The condition laid in this model is that the investor will pay salaries of the district hospital staffers, Vijayvargiya said.

When the medical college and hospital start running together, then 75 per cent of the beds will need to be provided only to the poor and the investor can use the remaining 25 per cent commercially, he said.

“This is a very important decision and it will strengthen the medical infrastructure and improve facilities. We discussed this issue for about an hour,” the minister said, adding the government wants medical colleges in every district.

This scheme will be implemented in the districts where medical colleges are not there at present, he said.

The cabinet also took several other decisions, including implementation of the Centre’s Smart City 2.0 scheme.

Under the scheme, two-three cities of the state will be selected and an amount of about Rs 135 crore will be allocated to these cities for the improvement of environment, the minister said.

Also Read:Coming soon: 11 new medical colleges in each district in Karnataka

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AYUSH-ICMR Advanced Centre for Integrated Health Research launched in AIIMS

New Delhi: Dr Mansukh Mandaviya, Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare yesterday launched the AYUSH, ICMR Advanced Centre for Integrated Health Research in AIIMS, here.

He also announced other mega joint initiatives between the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Ministry of AYUSH which included Multicentre clinical trial on Anaemia and the launch of Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) for AYUSH healthcare facilities.

The Union Health Minister also inaugurated the 27th convocation of Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth and the 29th National Seminar on ‘Ayurvedo Amritanam’ on the occasion.

Expressing his elation at the launch of these collaborative initiatives, Dr Mandaviya said that, “Collaborative Research in AYUSH is extremely important as it bridges the gap between traditional knowledge and modern scientific research, promoting a synergistic approach to health care”. “Ayurveda is a part of our culture, heritage and tradition. It is still being followed in our everyday practice.

Also Read:ICMR Invites applications for a 4-week training course on Human Disease Models, details

This strategic collaboration aims to advance Integrative Health Research, integrate traditional AYUSH practices with modern medical science and take India to the forefront of holistic healthcare innovations”, he said.

Highlighting that the government is following an integrative approach so as to take the best practices from both the disciplines, Ayurveda and Allopathy, the Union Health Minister said that “The Union Government is working towards providing quality-oriented healthcare towards the needs of the people of the country. In this direction, Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) were published by the Union Health Ministry as a set of uniform standards to improve the quality of health care delivery.

By adopting these reforms, it is expected that the States/UTs will be able to develop AYUSH health care services with set standards and quality infrastructure, thereby enabling the public to avail the benefits of AYUSH medical services for all healthcare.

The Union Health Minister congratulated the Ministry of AYUSH for its remarkable journey in the last decade which has resulted in significant initiatives and achievements. He also urged the students to inspiration from our ancient scriptures and follow their practices with pride.

AYUSH-ICMR Advanced Centre for 5 Integrative Health Research:

Integrative Medicine (IM) is an approach to medical care that recognizes the benefit of combining conventional/modern medicine therapies with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies that have been shown to be safe and effective to promote holistic health considering individual’s requirements. IM also addresses the barriers to healing and provide the patient with the knowledge, skills and support to take better care of their physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual health. Rather than limiting treatments to a specific specialty, IM uses the safest and most effective combination of approaches and treatments from the world of conventional and complementary/alternative medicine.

There is a need for an integrated healthcare regime that can guide health policies and programs in the future. India has an advantage in this global resurgence of interest as it has a rich heritage of indigenous medical knowledge coupled with a robust infrastructure and skilled workforce in contemporary medicine. Recently, a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) between M/o AYUSH and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) was signed at an inter-ministerial level.

This is to promote high-impact research on Integrative Health to generate evidence in priority areas of national importance in healthcare utilizing modern scientific methods. This is a joint effort to establish AYUSH-ICMR Centers for Integrative Health Research (AI-ACIHR) at AIIMS in phases. Joint efforts will be in place to conduct high-quality clinical trials on identified areas/disease conditions of national importance with promising integrative therapies to generate evidence for wider acceptance.

AYUSH-ICMR Advanced Centre for Integrative Health Research are being set up to develop integrative health research through integrating AYUSH system with conventional bio-medicine, and modem technology to bring integrative health care to the people for improved patient outcome through innovations related to diagnostics, preventive, health promotive as well as treatment methods.

The objectives of the AYUSH-ICMR Advanced Centre for Integrative Research are:

  • To harness the mutual understanding and research environment between the different systems of medicine leading to Integrative Health Research.
  • To identify priority areas where the approach of integrative medicine may have potential and conduct integrative research in these priority areas to generate robust evidence.
  • To develop Integrative management protocols with inputs from both traditional and modern medicine in the identified priority diseases based on the generated evidence.
  • To carry out mechanistic studies to explain the integrative medicine approach.
  • To develop guidelines and establish pathways to facilitate cross referrals utilizing the integrative medicine approach.

The following are the four AIIMS which will host these advanced centres:

AIIMS Delhi:

1. Advanced Centre for Integrative Health Research in Gastro-intestinal Disorders

2. Advanced Centre for Integrative Health Research in Women and Child Health

AIIMS Jodhpur: Advanced Centre for Integrative Health Research in Geriatric Health

AIIMS Nagpur: Advanced Centre for Integrative Health Research in Cancer Care

AIIMS Rishikesh: Advanced Centre for Integrative Health Research in Geriatric Health

Announcement on Multicentre clinical trial on Anaemia:

CCRAS under Ministry of AYUSH and ICMR has undertaken a research study on Anaemia entitled “Efficacy and safety of Punarnavadi Mandura alone and in combination with Drakshavaleha compared to iron folic acid in the treatment of moderate iron deficiency anaemia among non-pregnant women of reproductive age group”: a community-based three arm multicenter randomized controlled trial. The study will be carried out at 8 different sites namely MGIMS Wardha, AIIMS Jodhpur, NITM Bengaluru, RIMS Ranchi, KEM Hospital Research Centre, AIIMS New Delhi, AIIMS Bhopal, and AIIMS Bibinagar.

Launch of Indian Public Health Standards for AYUSH health care facilities:

The Indian Public Health Standards for AYUSH healthcare facilities aims to lay down uniform standards & quality infrastructure, human resource, medicines etc. By adopting these standards, States and UTs will able to extend quality AYUSH health care services to the deserving population. The fundamental aim is to augment preventive, promotive, curative, palliative, and rehabilitative services within the public health domain, emphasizing uncompromising quality. A pivotal principle within the National Health Policy (NHP) 2017 is the incorporation of Pluralism.

Inauguration of 27th Convocation of Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth and National Seminar on ‘Ayurvedo Amritanam’:

  • Around 201 shishyas enrolled under Guru Shishya Parampara would be awarded CRAV certificate.
  • Fellow of RAV (FRAV) awards to eminent vaidyas & Lifetime Achievement award will be presented to eminent vaidyas for their outstanding contribution towards ayurveda betterment.
  • Shishopananyniya samskara (Welcoming ceremony) for new CRAV students for the batch 2024-25.
  • Two Day National Seminar on “Ayurvedo Amritanam” Ayurveda for One Health/Post Covid health management/Immunity through Ayurevda.

Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha, Secretary, Ministry of AYUSH; Smt. Anu Nagar, Joint Secretary, Health Ministry; Dr M Srinivas, Director, AIIMS New Delhi; Dr Goverdhan Dutt Puri, Executive Director, AIIMS Jodhpur; Prof. Rabinarayan Acharya, DG, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), Ministry of AYUSH; Vaidya Devendra Triguna, Ex-President, Governing Body, Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth, New Delhi and senior officials of the Union Health Ministry and Union AYUSH Ministry were present on the occasion.

Also Read:AIIMS Delhi plan to beautify campus for community well-being

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Mankind Pharma Introduces Dydroboon 30mg Sustained Release Tablets for Treatment of Endometriosis

Opening doors to convenience for patients suffering from
endometriosis, Mankind Pharma, a leading Indian pharmaceutical company, has
announced the launch of Dydroboon 30mg Sustained Release tablets in
India.

Dydroboon 30mg is approved by DCGI for the treatment of
endometriosis. It contains Dydrogesterone 30 mg in the sustained-release tablet
dosage form.

Women suffering from
endometriosis have to consume 2-3 pills of Dydrogesterone daily, increasing
their pill burden. Dydroboon 30mg sustained release tablets ensure drug release
for a longer time, mitigating this practical burden of treatment inconvenience.
It increases the chances of treatment adherence and helps the patient with the
convenience of once daily dose of the drug.

Dydrogesterone is a synthetic progestogen that works
similarly to progesterone. It addresses menstrual disorders arising from
hormonal imbalances in women. Dydroboon Tablet effectively treats various
conditions caused by progesterone deficiencies, such as female infertility,
pain during menstruation, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), endometriosis, abnormal
uterine bleeding, and miscarriage.

Commenting on the launch Mr. Rajeev Juneja, Vice-Chairman
& Managing Director, Mankind pharma said “Our commitment to patient
well-being drives our innovations. The launch of Dydroboon 30mg Sustained
Release Tablets reinforces our mission to enhance the lives of millions of women
battling endometriosis. As the 1st Indian company and 2nd in the world to
launch Dydrogesterone for Indian patients, we continuously focus on providing
women with treatment solutions that not only provide clinical efficacy but also
offer convenience, freeing patients from the daily challenge of managing
multiple pills.”

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Novel GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist effective for chronic weight management

Viking Therapeutics has unveiled compelling Phase 2 data for their dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist, VK2735 for chronic weight management. The VENTURE trial demonstrated promising results and thereby ignites hopes for a new therapeutic option for patients struggling with obesity. 

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed VK2735 across various dosages relative to placebo therapy. Over 13 weeks, 176 patients with obesity or overweight, along with weight-related comorbidities participated in this study. The percent change in body weight from baseline to week 13 was the primary endpoint which was met across all dosage groups.

Also, the patients receiving VK2735 15 mg achieved a remarkable mean placebo-adjusted body weight reduction of 13.1% by week 13, with an impressive 88% of individuals experiencing a placebo-adjusted weight reduction of 10% or more. These results underscore the potential of VK2735 as a game-changer in combating obesity.

The CEO of Viking Therapeutics, expressed enthusiasm over the outcomes of the trial highlighting the promising efficacy and tolerability profile of VK2735. Despite a 20% discontinuation rate among VK2735 recipients, safety analysis revealed mostly mild to moderate drug-related adverse events, with nausea being the most prevalent.

Viking Therapeutics outlined plans for further development of VK2735, including discussions with the FDA and the release of Phase 1 data for an oral formulation of the drug in the upcoming weeks. The CEO affirmed the commitment of the company to advance this vital therapy by signaling optimism for its progression into later clinical stages.

The positive results from the VENTURE trial mark a significant step in the pursuit of effective treatments for obesity and related comorbidities. VK2735 demonstrates promising efficacy and manageable safety profile to address the unmet needs in chronic weight management for patients seeking alternative therapeutic options.

Reference:

Viking therapeutics announces positive top-line results from phase 2 VENTURE trial of dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist VK2735 in patients with obesity. (n.d.). Viking Therapeutics InvestorRoom. Retrieved March 1, 2024, from https://ir.vikingtherapeutics.com/2024-02-27-Viking-Therapeutics-Announces-Positive-Top-Line-Results-from-Phase-2-VENTURE-Trial-of-Dual-GLP-1-GIP-Receptor-Agonist-VK2735-in-Patients-with-Obesity

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Hourly Heat Exposure linked to Increased Risk of Acute Ischemic Stroke: JAMA

In a groundbreaking study conducted across more than 200 stroke centers in China, researchers have uncovered a direct and immediate association between hourly high ambient temperatures and the onset of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS). While previous studies have explored the broader connection between daily high temperatures and ischemic stroke outcomes, this research uniquely focuses on the hourly nuances of temperature exposure and its impact on AIS. The study’s outcomes suggest a significant association between hourly heat exposure and an increased risk of AIS onset.

The study results were published in the journal JAMA Network Open.

Also Read: Smoking cannabis linked to higher risk of heart attack and stroke

The study, structured as a time-stratified case-crossover, aimed to evaluate the association between hourly high ambient temperatures and the onset of AIS. Using a nationwide registry that compiled data from over 82,000 adult AIS patients hospitalized during warm seasons between 2019 and 2021, the research provided a granular examination of temperature exposure in the 24 hours leading up to the stroke onset.

Key Findings:

  • The comprehensive analysis included data from 82,455 AIS patients, revealing a mean age of 65.8 years, with 63.4% being male.
  • They identified a consistent and escalating risk of AIS onset correlated with higher temperatures.
  • Notably, the excess risk of AIS emerged immediately at lag 0 hours, persisting for 10 hours following the temperature exposure.
  • The study compared the cumulative odds ratio over lag 0 to 10 hours for AIS onset, revealing a significant association.
  • Extremely high temperatures (33.3 °C) were linked to a 1.88-fold increase in the odds of AIS compared to the reference temperature (12.1 °C).
  • The exposure-response curve demonstrated regional disparities, with the northern regions exhibiting a steeper curve compared to the southern regions.
  • While there were indications of greater odds ratios for males and patients with a history of dyslipidemia or atrial fibrillation, these differences did not achieve statistical significance.
Also Read: International Study Finds Thrombectomy Highly Effective Long-Term Treatment for Large Strokes

The study’s findings hold profound implications for public health strategies, particularly in the context of global warming. Understanding the immediate hourly dynamics of heat exposure and its correlation with AIS onset provides a valuable framework for targeted interventions. The research underscores the importance of adapting public health initiatives to address the specific challenges posed by rising temperatures, ensuring a proactive approach to mitigating the increased risk of AIS associated with ambient heat. As further studies delve into this critical area, these findings pave the way for informed strategies to protect individuals from the cerebrovascular risks linked to elevated temperatures.

Further reading: Zhu X, Chen R, Yuan J, et al. Hourly Heat Exposure and Acute Ischemic Stroke. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(2):e240627. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0627

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Higher consumption of sugary or artificially sweetened beverages may increase risk of developing CKD: JAMA

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health concern worldwide, affecting over 800 million people. As CKD is irreversible, lifestyle changes are crucial to prevent it. Dietary modifications play a vital role in managing and preventing CKD. Beverage intake, an essential component of dietary intake, can impact fluid balance, nutrient intake, and metabolic pathways. However, the relationship between beverage consumption and CKD risk remains unclear.

A study of 127,830 adults from the UK Biobank found that excessive (more than one serving daily) consumption of sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverages per day increased the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Conversely, replacing one serving of these beverages with natural juices or water was linked to a lower risk of chronic kidney disease. This original investigation on nephrology was published in JAMA Network Open.
This research examined the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and natural juice consumption and the risk of developing CKD. Additionally, the study looked into these beverage substitutions. Data from the UK Biobank’s prospective, population-based cohort study was analyzed, including participants without a history of CKD who completed at least one dietary questionnaire. The study’s follow-up period was from the last dietary questionnaire until October 31, 2022, in England; July 31, 2021, in Scotland; and February 28, 2018, in Wales. Researchers analyzed the collected data from May 1 to August 1, 2023.
The study examined three beverage types – sugar-sweetened, artificially sweetened, and natural juices – about the development of CKD. Multivariable Cox models and substitution analysis were used.
Key findings from the study:
  • Consuming more than one serving of sugar-sweetened beverages daily was tied to a higher risk of incident CKD with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.19.
  • The AHR for participants consuming more than 0 to 1 serving daily of artificially sweetened beverages was 1.10, and for consuming more than one serving per day, it was 1.26 compared to consuming no artificially sweetened drinks.
  • There was no significant association between natural juice intake and incident CKD.
  • Substituting sugar-sweetened beverages with artificially sweetened beverages did not show any significant difference in the risk of CKD (HR, 1.03).
  • Conversely, replacing one serving per day of sugar-sweetened beverages with natural juice and water and replacing 1 serving per day of artificially sweetened beverage with natural juice reduced incident CKD risk.
Concluding, reducing sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverages may reduce the risk of developing CKD.
Reference:
Heo GY, Koh HB, Park JT, et al. Sweetened Beverage Intake and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in the UK Biobank Study. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(2):e2356885. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56885

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Unlocking the Nexus: Vitamin D Deficiency and Nerve Health in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Patients

In a groundbreaking investigation, researchers have delved into the profound interconnection between Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) among elderly individuals grappling with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study, involving 257 elderly T2DM patients, presents compelling insights into the intricate relationship between Vitamin D levels and the development of peripheral nerve complications. It underscores the independent association between Vitamin D deficiency and an elevated risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The study results were published in the journal Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.

Also Read: Triple combo of alpha-lipoic acid, epalrestat, and mecobalamin better for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy than monotherapy : study

The research meticulously employed propensity score matching to ensure a balanced representation across age, sex, and diabetes duration among the participants. Vitamin D deficiency, marked by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels below 20 ng/ml, emerged as a focal point for scrutiny. Assessments included electromyogram evaluations for large nerve fiber lesions and skin conductance measurements for small nerve fiber lesions.

Findings:

  • The outcomes painted a stark picture, revealing that individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy exhibited significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels compared to their non-DPN counterparts (15.05 vs. 18.4 ng/ml, P = 0.018).
  • What emerged as a critical revelation was the identification of Vitamin D deficiency as an independent risk factor for DPN, with a robust odds ratio of 2.488 (P = 0.008) discerned through multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  • Spearman’s correlation further unearthed intricate associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and specific nerve parameters.
  • Negative correlations were noted with specific nerve latencies, while positive correlations manifested with specific nerve velocities and amplitudes.
  • Distinct characteristics were observed within the Vitamin D deficient group, showcasing prolonged median sensory nerve latencies and motor evoked potential latencies in contrast to their vitamin D-sufficient counterparts.
  • This group also exhibited a tangible association with the extension of median motor nerve latency (odds ratio = 1.362, P = 0.038).
Also Read: FDA Approves Spinal Cord Stimulation system for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy patients

These findings underscore the independent association between Vitamin D deficiency and an escalated risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the elderly T2DM population. The study suggests that Vitamin D deficiency may play a pivotal role in fostering the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, particularly by influencing large nerve fibers. As researchers unravel the intricate dance between Vitamin D and nerve health, these findings hold promise for targeted interventions and further research. Understanding the significance of maintaining optimal Vitamin D levels may prove instrumental in the comprehensive care and management of diabetic complications, offering a ray of hope for improved health outcomes in the aging population grappling with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Further reading: Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by predominantly increasing large-fiber lesions. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111585

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Consumption of flavonol-rich diet lowers mortality and disease risk: Study

China: A recent study showed a decline in the risks of all-cause, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality with increased intake of dietary flavonoids in US adults.

The finding, published in Scientific Reports, may be related to anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidative stress properties of flavonol. Foods rich in flavonols include onions, tea, broccoli, kale, grapes and berries.

The research involved 11,679 adults older than 20 and suggested that consuming a flavonol-rich diet could offer a method to help manage disease risks.

Biologically active polyphenolic chemicals called flavonoids are present in a variety of common fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based meals. Flavonoids can be divided into six main subclasses, namely isoflavones, flavonol, flavanones, flavonolignans, flavonoid glycosides, and flavones. Of these, flavonol is the primary representative of the flavonoid subclasses; it is also the flavonoid found the most widely in nature and is the most active.

Previous studies have produced strong and consistent evidence that flavonoids may maintain and enhance nitric oxide (NO) status and improve endothelial function. Also, there is evidence that these substances can affect glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, platelet function and thrombosis, oxidative damage, and blood pressure. Furthermore, flavonoids can cause apoptosis and prevent cell growth and metastasis by specifically targeting important molecules and signalling pathways in a range of tumour cells. The discovery that food rich in flavonoids has anti-tumour and cardioprotective effects may be explained by these effects.

Against the above background, Jiqing Hao, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, and colleagues aimed to explore the relationship between dietary flavonol intake, all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks using updated National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) follow-up data, and a large nationwide representative sample of adult U.S. citizens.

The prospective cohort study evaluated 11,679 participants aged 20 years and above. The type and amount of food taken during a 24-hour dietary recall were used to estimate dietary flavonol intake, which includes total flavonol, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and myricetin. Each analysis of the weighted data was dealt with per the NHANES reporting requirements’ intricate stratification design.

All-cause and cause-specific mortality risks were evaluated. The follow-up period was calculated using the time interval between the baseline and the death date or December 31, 2019 (whichever occurs first). Up to December 31, 2019, National Death Index (NDI) mortality data were used to calculate mortality from all causes and cause-specific causes.

The study included 11,679 individuals (49.78% were male) which represents 44,189,487 U.S. non-hospitalized citizens. The mean age of the sample was 46.93 years, with a median follow-up of 7.80 years.

The researchers found that after adjusting covariates, total flavonol intake was associated with all-cause (HR 0.64), CVD-specific (HR 0.67), and cancer-specific (HR 0.45) mortality risks; kaempferol intake was associated with all-cause (HR 0.74), and cancer-specific (HR 0.62) mortality risks; isorhamnetin intake was associated with all-cause (HR 0.72), and cancer-specific (HR 0.62) mortality risks; quercetin intake was associated with all-cause (HR 0.66), cancer-specific (HR 0.54), and CVD-specific (HR 0.61) mortality risks; myricetin intake was associated with all-cause (HR 0.77), AD-specific (HR 0.34), and CVD-specific (HR 0.61) mortality risks; there was no correlation observed between dietary flavonol intake and diabetes mellitus-specific mortality.

The study concluded that dietary flavonol intake was significantly linked with overall, AD, cancer, and CVD-specific mortality risks through comprehensive updating of NHANES records.

The outcome of the research elucidates the relationship between flavonol intake, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality risks in a sample representing the entire nation of non-hospitalized citizens in the US, presenting evidence for flavonol intake as a practical, independent, quantitative, and reliable predictor of disease survival status, this means that it is suitable for the health and risk alert management of AD, CVD and cancer patients.

“Our findings have practical significance for public health because flavonol can be supplemented by making daily dietary modifications and eating habits better,” the researchers concluded.

Reference:

Zong, Z., Cheng, X., Yang, Y., Qiao, J., Hao, J., & Li, F. (2024). Association between dietary flavonol intake and mortality risk in the U.S. Adults from NHANES database. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55145-y

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Keratinized mucosal width, supracrestal tissue height and dental implant diameter may influence peri-implant marginal bone loss

Keratinized mucosal width, supracrestal tissue height and implant diameter may influence peri-implant marginal bone loss suggests a new study published in the Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research.

There is evidence that the apico-coronal implant position and the mucosal phenotype can affect the extent of peri-implant bone loss. This clinical trial analyzes the bone remodeling and marginal bone loss that occur around conical-connection implants placed equicrestally and subcrestally, assessing the effect of the peri-implant soft-tissue phenotype. Fifty-one patients received 56 implants of distinct diameters (3.5 mm Ø n = 6; 4.3 mm Ø n = 41; 5 mm Ø n = 9) in the posterior part of the maxilla or mandible. The implants were placed equicrestally, 1 mm subcrestally and >1 mm subcrestally, depending on the initial supracrestal tissue height (STH). After 3 months of non-submerged healing, single metal-ceramic screw-retained implant-supported crowns were placed. Longitudinal measurements of STH, mucosal thickness and keratinized mucosa width (KMW) were made at the time of implant placement (T0), crown placement (T1), and after 3 (T2) and 6 months (T3) of prosthetic loading. At each of these points, a radiographic evaluation of bone remodeling and marginal bone loss was also performed. Results: STH was significantly greater for implants placed >1 mm subcrestally than for those placed 1 mm subcrestally. After 12 months of follow-up, a very significant (p < 0.001) loss of KMW was observed, in addition to a marginal bone loss of 0.08 ± 0.1, 0.15 ± 0.2, and 0.14 ± 0.2 mm in the groups placed equicrestally, 1 mm subcrestally and >1 mm subcrestally, respectively. After the multiple linear regression, marginal bone loss was found to depend primarily on KMW (β = −0.43), while also being affected by STH (β = 0.32) and implant diameter (β = −0.28). Marginal bone loss may be influenced by the position with respect to the bone crest, as well as the KMW, STH, and implant diameter. However, more well-controlled studies are needed to verify these above-mentioned findings with different implant designs and connections.

Reference:

Quispe-López N, Gómez-Polo C, Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Montero J. How do the dimensions of peri-implant mucosa affect marginal bone loss in equicrestal and subcrestal position of implants? A 1-year clinical trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2024; 1-15. doi:10.1111/cid.13306

Keywords:

Keratinized mucosal width, supracrestal tissue height, implant diameter, peri-implant , marginal bone loss, Quispe-López N, Gómez-Polo C, Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Montero J

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Even Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution Linked to Increased Mortality Rates: JAMA

While the association between air pollution and mortality is well-documented, few studies have utilized causal modeling approaches to comprehensively account for spatiotemporal confounders. A recent cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the relationship between short-term changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations and daily all-cause mortality rates across four regions. This study was published in JAMA Network Open by Yiqun and colleagues.

Air pollution, particularly PM2.5 and NO2, poses significant health risks, including increased mortality rates. However, accurately estimating the impact of air pollution on mortality requires addressing confounding factors that vary across time and space. Causal modeling approaches offer a method to address these challenges and provide more precise estimates of the association between air pollution exposure and mortality.

The study analyzed air pollution and mortality data from Jiangsu, China; California; central-southern Italy; and Germany from 2015 to 2019. A total of 8,963,352 deaths were included in the analysis. Interactive fixed-effects models were used to control for both measured and unmeasured spatiotemporal confounders.

Key Findings:

  • A 10-μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increase in daily all-cause deaths per 100,000 people ranging from 0.01 to 0.10 across the four regions.

  • Similarly, a 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 concentration was associated with increases in mortality rates ranging from 0.03 to 0.10 across the regions.

  • Significant effect modifications by age, sex, and urbanity were observed in different regions, highlighting the complex interplay between air pollution exposure and demographic factors.

The study’s findings reinforce the link between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 and increased mortality rates across diverse geographical regions. Utilizing causal modeling approaches, the study provides robust estimates while accounting for unmeasured spatiotemporal confounders.

These findings underscore the importance of implementing policies to mitigate air pollution and protect public health. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed associations and inform targeted interventions to reduce air pollution-related mortality.

Reference:

Ma, Y., Nobile, F., Marb, A., Dubrow, R., Stafoggia, M., Breitner, S., Kinney, P. L., & Chen, K. Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide and mortality in 4 countries. JAMA Network Open,2024;7(3):e2354607. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54607

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