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The study showed that quinoa-incorporated bread possessed a low glycemic index (42.00 ± 0.83) compared to the control (69.20 ± 1.84) and long-term consumption proved to contain functional efficacies, in terms of hypolipidemic effect.

“Incorporating quinoa into bread formulations not only enhances their nutritional content but also offers potential health benefits, particularly in managing cardiovascular health and blood sugar levels,” the researchers wrote. The findings highlight the positive effects of quinoa flour supplementation in bread on lipid profile and glycemic index.

Quinoa has recently gained significant popularity as a nutritious and versatile grain alternative. Beyond its use as a standalone dish, researchers have been exploring its potential as a functional ingredient in various food products. One such avenue of investigation is its incorporation into bread, a staple food consumed worldwide.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) is a pseudo-cereal rich in protein, vitamins, dietary fiber, and minerals. Its nutritional profile makes it an attractive candidate for improving the health properties of baked goods like bread.

Against the above background, Natasha R. Marak, Central Agricultural University, Tura, Meghalaya, India, and colleagues aimed to investigate the effects of quinoa bread on physical, chemical, and bioactive components, glycaemic index, and biochemical parameters.

For this purpose, the researchers fed human subjects aged between 20 and 50 years with the absence of morbid factors daily with quinoa bread for 3 months to study its pre-and post-treatment effects on lipid profile, glycosylated hemoglobin, and blood glucose.

The effort was made to incorporate the maximum amount of quinoa into the bread without compromising the bread’s acceptability. Of the 14 formulations, TQ13, containing 20% quinoa flour with 3% wheat bran, was selected for further analysis.

Based on the study, the researchers reported the following findings:

• The GI study revealed that quinoa bread peaked at 45 min with a gradual increase after ingestion of the bread and a steady decline thereafter.
• Before and after supplementation with quinoa-incorporated bread, the observed value for blood glucose levels was 86.96 ± 15.32 mg/dL and 84.25 ± 18.26 mg/dL, respectively.
• There was a statistically significant decrease in levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-LDL (VLDL) levels before and after supplementation.
• Non-significant changes were observed for high-density lipoprotein levels from the pre-and post-treatment with the quinoa-incorporated bread.

According to the study, these benefits have proved crucial in the dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus by resulting in improved glycaemic control and several metabolic parameters, such as improved blood lipid levels.

Based on the data obtained in the study, the researchers concluded that quinoa incorporation into wheat bread results in essential health benefits.

High consumption of phenolic compounds has long been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. “Current trends in the enhancement of the antioxidant capacity of wheat bread by quinoa flour addition rich in phenolic compounds might be beneficial in the health status of a population,” the researchers concluded. “The results obtained in the present study corroborate the data reported in the literature, indicating that quinoa bread can be used in glycemic control and plasma lipids.”

Reference:

Marak, N. R., Das, P., Das Purkayastha, M., & Baruah, L. D. (2024). Effect of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) flour supplementation in breads on the lipid profile and glycemic index: An in vivo study. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11, 1341539. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1341539

WASHINGTON: A third of the nearly 20 million women who participated in a national health survey report migraines during menstruation, and of them, 11.8 million, or 52.5%, were premenopausal.

The analysis was conducted by researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center and Pfizer, Inc., which makes a migraine medication.

Because of the underuse of medications to help treat or prevent menstrual migraines, investigators wanted to understand how common menstrual migraines were and which groups of women could most benefit from potential therapies. The study will be presented April 16, at the American Academy of Neurology 2024 Annual Meeting in Denver.

“The first step in helping a woman with menstrual migraine is making a diagnosis; the second part is prescribing a treatment; and the third part is finding treatments patients are satisfied with and remain on to reduce disability and improve quality of life,” says the study author, Jessica Ailani, MD, professor of clinical neurology at Georgetown University School of Medicine and director of the MedStar Georgetown Headache Center at Medstar Georgetown University Hospital.

The researchers used the 2021 U.S. National Health and Wellness Survey, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, to analyze responses from women who reported their current migraine treatments, frequency and disabilities via the Migraine Disability Assessment Test (MIDAS), a five-question survey. A migraine headache can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head. It’s often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound.

“Discrepancies in the incidence of who gets migraine attacks associated with menses is likely due to premenopausal women having more regular menstrual cycles and thus more menstrual-related migraines,” says Ailani. “Additionally, as women move into their 40’s and become peri-menopausal, there tends to be a greater shift through the month in hormone levels also leading to frequent migraine attacks.”

The survey found that for all women during their menstrual periods, migraine attacks occurred as frequently as 4.5 times and that monthly only migraine headaches lasted 8.4 days, on average; 56.2 % of women had moderate-to-severe migraine-specific disabilities that ranked highest on the MIDAS scale.

When looking at treatments women in the survey used to help control their migraine symptoms, 42.4% used over-the-counter medications while 48.6% used prescription medications. Of the 63.9 % of women who used migraine treatments for acute symptoms, the most commonly used were triptans, a class of drugs developed in the 1990s to quiet overactive nerves associated with migraines and cluster headaches.

Sara’s story

Sara, a 38 year old mother of two, says her migraines are predictably and consistently worse during her period.

“It definitely disrupts my ability to go about my normal activities including at work,” Sara says. “I’m pretty lucky that I’m generally responsive to prescription medication, but I often still have to lie down for an hour or so while the medicine kicks in.”

Sara is being treated preventatively for migraines with Botox. She says over the past couple of months, she’s had a couple of migraines outside of when she gets her period, but that the headaches are definitely worse during menstruation.

“While I had my last period, I had a migraine every day for a week,” Sara says. “It’s starkly different [during menstruation].”

Prevention Possibilities

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as naproxen or ibuprofen, are sometimes used as preventive medications for women with regular menstrual periods. In this study, 21.1% of women reported use of any migraine prevention medications or therapies.

“Preventive treatments are used less frequently than acute treatment for migraine,” Alaini said.

“In my opinion, this is because preventive therapy is a long-term commitment by both a woman and her clinician to improving the disease process. Migraine is a life-long brain disease without a cure, and the goal of preventive therapy is to reduce disease burden and improve quality of life. Unfortunately, newer disease-specific treatments are costly, so generic older treatments are often used and come with greater side effects.”

Next Steps

The researcher’s next steps involve looking at larger databases to see if they can mimic findings on a global scale. They want to determine if women with menstrual-related migraine are frequently turning to non-migraine treatments as was seen in around 53% of their current study group.

“As a headache specialist in the U.S., I know I can do better for women in my clinic, but what can be done for the millions of women who don’t get into a headache clinic? That is our true next step,” says Ailani. “If you have migraines related to your menstrual cycle, discuss this with your gynecologist or neurologist. There are treatments that can help and if the first treatment tried does not work, do not give up.”

“HFUS EI and the absence/presence of a hypoechoic supracrestal area (HSA) may be valid diagnostic ultrasonographic markers to discriminate peri-implant health status,” the researchers wrote.

In the realm of dental implantology, peri-implantitis stands as a significant challenge, threatening the longevity and success of dental implants. With conventional diagnostic methods often lacking in sensitivity and specificity, researchers have turned to ultrasonography as a promising avenue for early detection and characterization of peri-implant tissue changes. Recent advancements in this field have unveiled novel diagnostic ultrasonographic markers, shedding light on echo-intensity characterization at implant sites and offering hope for improved management of peri-implantitis.

Peri-implantitis, characterized by inflammation and bone loss around dental implants, poses a considerable risk to implant stability and patient oral health. Timely detection and accurate assessment of peri-implant tissue changes are crucial for effective intervention and prevention of further complications. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as probing and radiography, have limitations in detecting early stages of peri-implantitis and assessing soft tissue alterations.

Ultrasonography emerges as a non-invasive, cost-effective imaging modality with the potential to overcome these limitations. By utilizing high-frequency sound waves, ultrasonography enables real-time visualization of peri-implant tissues, including soft tissue thickness, bone morphology, and vascularity. Considering this, Maria Elisa Galarraga-Vinueza, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and colleagues aimed to apply HFUS echo intensity for characterizing peri-implant tissues at healthy and diseased sites and to investigate the possible ultrasonographic markers of health versus disease.

For this purpose, the researcher assessed sixty patients presenting 60 implants diagnosed as healthy (N = 30) and peri-implantitis (N = 30) with HFUS. HFUS scans were imported into software where first-order greyscale outcomes [i.e., mean echo intensity] and second-order greyscale outcomes were assessed.

Other ultrasonographic outcomes of interest involved the vertical extension of the hypoechoic supracrestal area (HSA), buccal bone dehiscence (BBD), and soft-tissue area (STA) among others.

The study led to the following findings:

• HFUS EI mean values obtained from peri-implant soft tissue at healthy and diseased sites were 122.9 ± 19.7 and 107.9 ± 24.7 grey levels (GL), respectively.
• All the diseased sites showed the appearance of an HSA that was not present in healthy implants (area under the curve = 1).
• The proportion of HSA/STA was 37.9% ± 14.8%.
• Regression analysis showed that the EI of the peri-implant soft tissue was significantly different between healthy and peri-implantitis sites (odds ratio 0.97).

“Our study observed significant differences in mean EI between healthy and peri-implantitis sites, with healthy tissues exhibiting higher EI values. The presence of a hypoechoic supracrestal area was exclusively found in diseased sites, serving as a reliable marker for peri-implantitis,” the researchers wrote.

In conclusion, HFUS is a real-time and non-invasive diagnostic tool that provides a comprehensive assessment of peri-implant tissue structures and might be used for diagnosing peri-implant health status.

Reference:

Galarraga-Vinueza, M. E., Barootchi, S., Mancini, L., Sabri, H., Schwarz, F., Gallucci, G. O., & Tavelli, L. Echo-intensity characterization at implant sites and novel diagnostic ultrasonographic markers for peri-implantitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13976

NEMEX emphasized sensorimotor control & stability, while PRT focused on high-intensity resistance training. The primary outcome, change in the 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST), showed no significant difference between the groups.

Hip osteoarthritis is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by stiffness, joint pain, and reduced mobility. Traditional management approaches often include medication and lifestyle modifications. However, emerging research suggests that targeted exercise interventions, such as progressive resistance training or neuromuscular exercise hold significant promise in managing hip OA symptoms and improving overall function. However, randomized controlled trials providing evidence for the optimal exercise type are lacking.

To fill this knowledge gap, Troels Kjeldsen, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark (T.K.), and colleagues aimed to investigate whether PRT is superior to NEMEX for improving functional performance in patients with hip OA.

For this purpose, the researchers conducted a multicenter, cluster-randomized, controlled, parallel-group, assessor-blinded, superiority trial enrolling 160 participants with clinically diagnosed hip OA from 2021 to 2023. They were randomly assigned to PRT (n = 82) or NEMEX (n = 78).

They received twelve weeks of PRT or NEMEX with 2 supervised 60-minute group sessions each week. The PRT intervention comprised of high-intensity resistance training exercises targeting muscles at the hip and knee joints. The NEMEX intervention comprised 10 exercises and emphasized functional stability and sensorimotor control.

The primary outcome was a change in the 30-second chair stand test. Key secondary outcomes included changes in scores on the pain and hip-related QoL subscales of the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS).

Following were the study’s key findings:

• The mean changes from baseline to 12-week follow-up in the 30s-CST were 1.5 chair stands with PRT and 1.5 chair stands with NEMEX (difference, 0.0 chair stands).
• For the HOOS pain subscale, mean changes were 8.6 points with PRT and 9.3 points with NEMEX (difference, −0.7 points).
• For the HOOS QoL subscale, mean changes were 8.0 points with PRT and 5.7 points with NEMEX (difference, 2.3 points).

The main limitation of the study was that the participants and physiotherapists were not blinded.

In conclusion, both progressive resistance training and neuromuscular exercise showed comparable efficacy in improving functional performance, hip pain, and hip-related quality of life over 12 weeks in hip osteoarthritis patients.

Reference:

Kjeldsen T, Skou ST, Dalgas U, Tønning LU, Ingwersen KG, Birch S, Holm PM, Frydendal T, Garval M, Varnum C, Bibby BM, Mechlenburg I. Progressive Resistance Training or Neuromuscular Exercise for Hip Osteoarthritis : A Multicenter Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2024 Apr 9. doi: 10.7326/M23-3225. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38588540.