New research shows promise for targeted therapies for pediatric gliomas

A collaborative study between Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Broad Institute found that 8.9% of children with glioma, the most common form of pediatric brain tumor, have alterations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family of proteins, and that these gliomas may be sensitive to existing U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved inhibitors that broadly block FGFR.

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AI model uses glucose spikes to reveal hidden diabetes risk before symptoms appear

To diagnose either type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes, clinicians typically rely on a lab value known as HbA1c. This test captures a person’s average blood glucose levels over the previous few months. But HbA1c cannot predict who is at highest risk of progressing from healthy to prediabetic, or from prediabetic to full-blown diabetes.

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Trump warns pharma companies to cut prices or be punished

US President Donald Trump told major pharmaceutical firms Thursday to lower prices or face punishment, as he moved to give Americans relief from medicine costs much higher than elsewhere in the world.

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US childhood vaccination rates fall again as exemptions set another record

U.S. kindergarten vaccination rates inched down again last year and the share of children with exemptions rose to an all-time high, according to federal data posted Thursday.

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Study shows heavy drinking raises the risk of undesired pregnancy; cannabis use does not

A new study has found that, among women with a high desire to avoid becoming pregnant, those who drank heavily had a 50% higher risk of becoming pregnant than those who drank moderately or not at all. In contrast, participants who used cannabis were no more likely to have an undesired pregnancy than participants who did not use cannabis.

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Study shows young adults who use high strength cannabis do not ‘titrate’ to less risky levels of use

A new study published in Addiction has found that young adults in the US do not “titrate” when using strong cannabis. In other words, they do not use less cannabis to compensate for the stronger potency. In fact, it’s the opposite: young adults who report using strong cannabis also typically use it more frequently and in higher quantities than young adults who use weaker forms of the drug.

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Study finds animal-based fats fuel tumor growth in obese mice, plant fats do not

Obesity elevates the risk of at least 13 major cancers, including those of the breast, colon and liver. It also impairs immune responses that target tumors and are stimulated by cancer immunotherapies. But it has long been unclear whether these effects stem from the sheer adiposity—or mass of fat—in people living with obesity or from the specific dietary fats they consume.

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Beta-HPV can directly cause skin cancer in immunocompromised people, research reveals

Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have shown for the first time that a type of human papillomavirus (HPV) commonly found on the skin can directly cause a form of skin cancer called cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) when certain immune cells malfunction.

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Efforts underway to end race-based assessments of lung function

A multi-institutional team, including physicians and researchers who successfully proposed updates to national guidelines, share important next steps for reevaluating how occupational impairment is determined.

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Tirzepatide Proves More Effective Than Semaglutide – Results of Surmount 5 Trial

SURMOUNT-5 was a 72-week, Phase 3b, multicenter, randomized, open-label,
comparator-controlled
study
that evaluated the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide 15 mg or MTD (10 mg or 15 mg)
compared
with semaglutide 2.4 mg or MTD (1.7 mg or 2.4 mg) in adults with obesity or overweight with at least one
obesity-related complication, excluding diabetes. All participants received lifestyle intervention with
reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity.

The primary
endpoint
was the mean percentage change in body weight from baseline to Week 72. Tirzepatide
showed
superior mean body weight reduction (-21.6%) compared to
semaglutide (-15.4%). Key secondary endpoints included achieving ≥10%, ≥15%, ≥20%, and ≥25% weight
reduction—1 in 3 patients on tirzepatide achieved ≥25% weight loss vs
1 in
5 with semaglutide.

Tirzepatide also led to greater reductions in waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP, HbA1c,
triglycerides,
and non-HDL cholesterol.
The most common adverse
events
were gastrointestinal, mostly mild to moderate.

Overall, tirzepatide demonstrated superior efficacy in weight and metabolic
improvements
compared to semaglutide in adults with obesity or overweight and comorbidities.

THERAPEUTIC INDICATION1:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

MOUNJARO® is indicated for the treatment of adults with insufficiently
controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise

• as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to
intolerance or contraindications

• in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of
diabetes.

For study results with respect to combinations, effects on glycaemic
control and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1.

Weight management

MOUNJARO® is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and
increased physical activity for weight management, including weight loss and weight maintenance,
in adults with an initial Body Mass Index (BMI) of

• ≥ 30 kg/m² (obesity) or

• ≥ 27 kg/m² to < 30 kg/m² (overweight) in the presence of at least one
weight-related comorbid condition (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obstructive sleep apnoea,
cardiovascular disease, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes mellitus).

*SURMOUNT-5 was a 72-week, Phase 3b, multicenter, randomized,
parallel-arm, open-label, comparator-controlled study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of
Tirzepatide 15 mg or MTD (10 mg or 15 mg) compared with Semaglutide 2.4 mg or MTD (1.7 mg or 2.4
mg) in adults with Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) or overweight (BMI ≥27 kg/m²) with at least one
Obesity-related complication (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia), excluding diabetes.** The study
included a 2-week screening period. Mean baseline weight was 112.7 kg for Tirzepatide MTD (10 mg
or 15 mg) and 113.4 kg for Semaglutide MTD (1.7 mg or 2.4 mg). Participants in both the
Tirzepatide and Semaglutide treatment arms received lifestyle intervention, including a
reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. Treatments were administered QW
subcutaneously as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical
activity
1.

Efficacy estimand, mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis,
modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population, (efficacy analysis set). Limitations of an
open-label study may be related to a bias in evaluation of the outcomes, efficacy and/or safety,
and analysis was not tested against a placebo-controlled comparison group
1.

‡Limitations of an open-label study may be
related to a bias in evaluation of the outcomes, efficacy and/or safety, and analysis was not tested
against a placebo-controlled comparison group.
1

SURMOUNT-1 Phase 3 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in
adults with Obesity (BMI of ≥30 kg/m²) or with Overweight (BMI of ≥27 kg/m²) with at least one
Obesity-related complication (e.g.,hypertension, dyslipidemia), excluding T2D. All participants
received lifestyle interventions, including a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical
activity.** All patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive placebo, or
tirzepatide at a dose of 5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg as an adjunct to lifestyle
intervention
4

p<0.001 vs baseline.
Mean % change in weight vs baseline (co-primary end point) at 72 weeks was -16.0% and -21.4% for
the 5 mg and 10 mg doses, respectively. Mean % change in weight vs placebo at 72 weeks was
-13.5%, -18.9%, and -20.1% for the 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg doses, respectively (p<0.001 vs
placebo, adjusted for multiplicity). Mean kg change in weight vs baseline at 72 weeks was -16.1
kg and -22.2 kg for the 5 mg and 10 mg doses, respectively. Mean kg change in weight vs placebo
at 72 weeks was -13.8 kg, -19.8 kg, and -21.2 kg for the 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg doses,
respectively (p<0.001 vs placebo, not adjusted for multiplicity).
2,4

# Adverse reaction development was not an endpoint for this study. Data
presented here should not be used to make inferences.

**”Obesity-related complications” are used as synonymic to “weight-related
complications and /or comorbidities”.

REFERENCES

1. Louis J. Aronne, M.D., et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide
for the Treatment of Obesity, N Engl J Med. 2025; doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2416394

2. Mounjaro® (tirzepatide), India Prescribing Information. Updated March
2025.

3. Fisman EZ, Tenenbaum A. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20(1):225.

4. Jastrebo_ AM, et al. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205–16.

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