Telangana HC Issues Notices over relocation of Osmania General Hospital

Hyderabad: The Telangana High Court has issued notices to the State’s Home Department, Medical Health
& Family Welfare Department, Hyderabad District Collector, and other
officials regarding the proposed relocation of Osmania General Hospital (OGH)
to Goshamahal Police Stadium.

Justice B. Vijaysen Reddy
issued the directive on Tuesday while hearing a writ petition filed by
Munukuntla Anand Goud. The petitioner challenged the decision to shift the
hospital, arguing that it would cause hardship to residents in the Goshamahal
area and expose them to environmental hazards. OGH superintendent and Director
of Kaloji Narayan Rao University were also mentioned as respondents in the case,
reports Telangana Today.

During the proceedings,
the judge questioned the inclusion of Telangana Chief Minister Anumula Revanth
Reddy as a respondent in the petition and directed the High Court registry to
remove his name. The court emphasized the need for careful consideration before
naming individuals in legal proceedings. Justice Vijaysen Reddy
further sought clarification from the State counsel on whether the new site was
fully equipped to accommodate the hospital’s operations. The judge also
inquired about the reason behind the shifting, reports the Daily. 

Also Read:Telangana HC directs Govt to submit Detailed Report on vacant posts in hospitals

In response, Advocate
General (AG) A. Sudarshan Reddy stated that the relocation was due to the
deteriorating condition of the current hospital building, which is no longer
suitable for continued operations. He asserted that the move was essential to
ensure better medical facilities and improved healthcare services for the
public. The judge concurred with this rationale and mentioned the relocation of
the High Court as a precedent for shifting institutions to enhance
functionality.

The court also noted that
proceedings regarding the heritage status of the existing OGH building were
pending before a division bench. Since the division bench had recently granted
additional time for a detailed response on the matter at the request of the AG,
Justice Vijaysen Reddy deemed it inappropriate to address the matter in the
current hearing. The case has been
adjourned to February 18, when the Advocate General is expected to provide
further arguments on the reasons for relocation and the suitability of the
proposed site.

Also Read:Midnapore Expired Saline Death Case: Calcutta HC grants protection to Suspended Junior doctor

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Increased Risk of Diabetes Observed in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Study

A recent study published in the recent issue of Diabetes Care journal revealed a significant long-term risk of diabetes among survivors of childhood and young adult cancer (CYAC). This researchers has identified key cancer treatments like total body irradiation (TBI), hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT), and corticosteroids, as major contributors to the development of diabetes over time.

The study analyzed data from over 4,200 cancer survivors through linked cancer registries and electronic health records which found the extent of diabetes risk and treatment-specific influences on its onset. This research utilized clinical coding and HbA1c values to identify diabetes cases and assess cumulative incidence rates over a 40-year period.

After a median follow-up period of 14.4 years, almost 163 individuals (3.8%) in the cohort were diagnosed with diabetes. The risk varied significantly depending on the type of cancer treatment received. The survivors treated with total body irradiation (TBI) demonstrated a stark increase in long-term diabetes risk. By the 40-year mark, 21% of patients exposed to TBI had developed diabetes when compared to just 8.4% of the patients who did not undergo the treatment.

Also, the patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) underwent an elevated risk, with 19.6% of patients developing diabetes within 40 years. Among these, allogeneic transplant recipients had the highest risk at 25.7% when compared to 7.9% in those who received autologous transplants.

The use of corticosteroids during cancer treatment was also associated with an increased diabetes risk of 7.7% at 40 years post-diagnosis. This study highlighted that disparities in diabetes risk become evident as early as 10 years after a cancer diagnosis and emphasize the need for risk-stratified, evidence-based screening protocols for long-term survivors of childhood and young adult cancer.

Early detection and management could significantly improve the quality of life and long-term health outcomes for this vulnerable population. Overall, the outcomes of this extensive study provided critical insights that could help in future guidelines for post-cancer care, ensuring that survivors receive comprehensive monitoring and intervention for potential metabolic complications.

Source:

Cromie, K. J., Murray, R. D., Ajjan, R. A., Hughes, N. F., Feltbower, R. G., & Glaser, A. W. (2025). Diabetes risk after treatment for childhood and young adult cancer. Diabetes Care. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-2171

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Medical Colleges allegedly Forcing PG Residents to Opt for Hostel- Doctors urge Health Minister to intervene

New Delhi: Pointing out that staying in the medical college hostels is not mandatory for the resident doctors, the doctors have alleged that many medical colleges across the country are forcing the resident doctors to opt for hostel stay.

Raising this issue, the doctors under the Indian Medical Association Junior Doctors’ Network IMA JDN recently wrote to the Union Health Minister Shri J P Nadda urging him to take cognisance of the issue and intervene immediately to enforce uniform compliance with NMC regulations across all medical institutes in India. 

“Postgraduate medical. residents are the backbone of our healthcare system, contributing tirelessly to patient care while pursuing rigorous academic training. Ensuring their financial and mental well-being, along with providing them with a safe and conducive living environment, is vital for their ability to deliver optimal healthcare services,” the association mentioned in the letter addressed to the Health Minister.

Is Staying in Hostels Mandatory for Resident Doctors? 

Medical Dialogues had earlier reported that last year on February 8, 2024, the National Medical Commission (NMC), while addressing the issuing of opting for hostel by the resident doctors, had clarified that hostel accommodation for postgraduate medical students is optional.

Back then, after receiving several complaints from PG students alleging that medical colleges were compelling them to stay in the hostel offered by the Medical Institutes and charging a hefty amount for the same, NMC had clarified that such practices violated Regulation 5.6 of the PGMER, 2023, which states, “It will be mandatory for the college to provide appropriate residential accommodation to post-graduate students. However, it will not be mandatory for the post-graduate students to stay in the hostel.”

The Apex Medical Commission had clarified in the notice that the medical colleges would be penalised as per Regulations 9.1. and 9.2 of the PGMER, 2023, which includes monetary penalty, reduction of seats, stoppage of admission etc if they found ‘compelling the PG medicos to stay in the hostel offered by the Medical Colleges/ Institutions and charging a hefty amount.’

Also Read: NMC slams Medical Colleges for Compelling PG medicos to stay in hostel, warns of strict action

Again on 19th February 2024, NMC issued a Press Release and reiterated that staying in hostels was not obligatory for postgraduate medical students. The Commission had, back then, issued a warning to the medical colleges over forcing the PG medicos to stay in the designated hostels and charging hefty fees for the same.

Referring to numerous complaints from PG medical students who alleged coercion by medical colleges to stay in designated hostels, accompanied by hefty charges, the Commission had warned the medical colleges that failure to comply with the rules may result in punitive action including monetary penalty, reduction of seats, or suspension of admissions.

Medical Colleges Forcing PG Students to Opt for Hostel Accommodation, Claims IMA-JDN: 

In its letter directed to the Health Minister, IMA-JDN referred to the NMC directives issued last year explicitly stating that while medical colleges must provide suitable residential accommodations, postgraduate residents cannot be compelled to stay in these hostels.

However, the association claimed that “Unfortunately, many medical colleges across India continue to enforce mandatory hostel stays, infringing on the autonomy of residents and disregarding regulatory guidelines.”

“In addition to the compulsion of hostel stays, the imposition of mandatory mess services with unreasonably high fees has created a significant financial burden on postgraduate residents and their families. These fees are often disproportionately higher than those for comparable accommodations outside the campus, further exacerbating the financial strain on students,” it added.

Explaining how this is affecting the PG medical students, the association mentioned that the hostel and mess fees charged by the medical colleges are significantly higher than the costs of private accommodations and food services available locally. It opined that forcing the students for these is putting an immense financial strain on them and their families.

Apart from this, the association also highlighted the inadequate living conditions in the hostel including the issues like overcrowding (rooms shared by three or four residents), poor sanitation, lack of basic amenities (including study tables, chairs, cupboards, ventilation, clean drinking water), etc.

IMA Junior Doctors also argue that the enforcement of mandatory hostel stays contravenes Regulation 5.6 of the PGMER, 2023. Besides, it pointed out that the food served in the mess of the hostels is of substandard quality, leading to health issues among residents.

Accordingly, the association has urged the Minister to address these pressing issues and uphold the dignity and well-being of postgraduate residents and issue an official directive mandating all the medical colleges to adhere to the NMC guidelines, ensuring that hostel stay and mess services are not made compulsory for postgraduate residents. Further, they have sought the Minister’s intervention to ensure that the living conditions in the hostel are improved.

For this, they have suggested different measures such as limiting occupancy to no more than two residents per room, with the option of single occupancy available upon request, ensure the maintenance of hygienic and safe living conditions, including the installation of CCTV surveillance in common areas for safety, and provide essential amenities such as clean drinking water, proper ventilation, study furniture, and hygienic facilities in hostels.

Among other demands, the association has urged the Minister to regulate hostel and mess fees and ensure food safety and regular inspections by college management.

Speaking to Medical Dialogues regarding the issue, Dr. Indranil Deshmukh, National Convenor of IMA-JDN, said, “IMA JDN strongly condemns the increasing trend of mandatory hostel and mess accommodation policies imposed by various medical colleges across the country. Such coercive measures not only infringe upon medical student rights but also place an undue financial burden on them and their families.”

“Medical students and postgraduates should have the autonomy to choose their living arrangements based on their personal, financial, and academic needs. Forcing students to stay in hostels and subscribe to college mess facilities, often at exorbitant rates, is unjust and counterproductive. Many students prefer alternative accommodations that are more affordable, comfortable, or conducive to their study habits,” he added.

“We urge the concerned authorities, including the National Medical Commission (NMC) and the respective state governments, to intervene and ensure that medical institutions adopt a student-friendly approach. Education policies should prioritize the well-being and freedom of students rather than imposing unnecessary restrictions,” Dr. Deshmukh further mentioned.

Also Read: Upto Rs 1 crore penalty, Stoppage of admissions: NMC warns medical colleges of harsh penalties for forcing medicos to stay in hostel

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RELIEVE-HF Trial: Interatrial Shunt Safe but Ineffective for Heart Failure, Yields Mixed Results by Ejection Fraction

USA: The recent RELIEVE-HF trial has revealed the efficacy of transcatheter interatrial shunt implantation as a treatment for heart failure (HF).

While the study, published in the journal Circulation, found that the procedure was safe, it did not result in improved overall outcomes for patients with heart failure. However, a closer look at a prespecified exploratory analysis indicates that the treatment may provide benefits for specific patient groups.

“Findings from a prespecified exploratory analysis of stratified randomized groups indicate that shunt implantation may be advantageous for patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), while it appears harmful for those with preserved LVEF,” the researchers wrote.

An interatrial shunt could offer an autoregulatory mechanism to lower left atrial pressure, potentially enhancing symptoms and outcomes in HF. Considering this, Gregg W. Stone, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, and colleagues included patients with symptomatic HF with any LVEF.

Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either transcatheter shunt implantation or a placebo procedure, with stratification based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): reduced (≤40%) versus preserved (>40%). The primary safety outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular or neurological events related to the device or procedure within 30 days, compared against a prespecified performance goal of 11%.

The primary effectiveness outcome was assessed using a hierarchical composite ranking that included all-cause mortality, cardiac transplantation or left ventricular assist device implantation, heart failure hospitalization, outpatient worsening heart failure events, and changes in quality of life as measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score over a maximum follow-up of 2 years. This assessment was conducted when the last enrolled patient completed their 1-year follow-up, and results were expressed as a win ratio. Prespecified hypothesis-generating analyses were also conducted for patients with reduced and preserved LVEF.

The following were the main findings of the study:

  • Between 2018, and 2022, 508 patients were randomized at 94 sites in 11 countries to interatrial shunt treatment (n=250) or a placebo procedure (n=258).
  • The median (25th and 75th percentiles) age was 73.0 years (66.0, 79.0), and 37.2% were women.
  • Median LVEF was reduced (≤40%) in 40.6% of the patients and preserved (>40%) in 59.4%.
  • No primary safety events occurred after shunt implantation.
  • There was no difference in the 2-year primary effectiveness outcome between the shunt and placebo procedure groups (win ratio, 0.86).
  • Patients with reduced LVEF had fewer adverse cardiovascular events with shunt treatment versus placebo (annualized rate 49.0% versus 88.6%; relative risk, 0.55), whereas patients with preserved LVEF had more cardiovascular events with shunt treatment (annualized rate 60.2% versus 35.9%; relative risk, 1.68).
  • There were no between-group differences in change in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score during follow-up in all patients or those with reduced or preserved LVEF.

Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that transcatheter interatrial shunt implantation was safe; however, it did not improve outcomes for heart failure patients. However, they added that a closer look at a prespecified exploratory analysis indicates that the treatment may benefit specific patient groups.

Reference:

Stone GW, Lindenfeld J, Rodés-Cabau J, Anker SD, Zile MR, Kar S, Holcomb R, Pfeiffer MP, Bayes-Genis A, Bax JJ, Bank AJ, Costanzo MR, Verheye S, Roguin A, Filippatos G, Núñez J, Lee EC, Laufer-Perl M, Moravsky G, Litwin SE, Prihadi E, Gada H, Chung ES, Price MJ, Thohan V, Schewel D, Kumar S, Kische S, Shah KS, Donovan DJ, Zhang Y, Eigler NL, Abraham WT; RELIEVE-HF Investigators. Interatrial Shunt Treatment for Heart Failure: The Randomized RELIEVE-HF Trial. Circulation. 2024 Sep 23. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.070870. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39308371.

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Abelacimab reduces ischemic Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Patients with fewer bleeding events: NEJM

Researchers have found in a new research that among patients with atrial fibrillation who are at moderate-to-high risk for stroke, administration of abelacimab at doses of 90 mg or 150 mg led to a sustained and significant reduction in factor XI levels. Additionally, abelacimab treatment resulted in significantly fewer bleeding events compared to rivaroxaban. This study was published in The New England Journal of Medicine by Christian T. and colleagues.

A total of 1,287 patients were recruited into the study, with a median age of 74 years and 44% female. Patients were assigned to three arms: one was treated with abelacimab 150 mg monthly, another with abelacimab 90 mg monthly, and the remaining third arm received rivaroxaban daily. The main endpoint of the study was the rate of major or clinically relevant non major bleeding events. It was administered subcutaneously in two doses of 150 mg and 90 mg of abelacimab compared with oral rivaroxaban at 20 mg/day for safety and efficacy. The study was stopped prematurely because of a significant decrease in bleeding events noted with abelacimab.

Key findings:

Free Factor XI Activity Levels:

• Abelacimab 150 mg resulted in a 99% median reduction in free factor XI activity levels, but the 90-mg dose only reflected a 97% reduction.

Bleeding Safety:

• Abelacimab 150 mg: 3.2 events/100 person-years.

• Abelacimab 90 mg: 2.6 events/100 person-years.

• Rivaroxaban: 8.4 events/100 person-years.

• HR for abelacimab 150 mg compared to rivaroxaban: 0.38 (95% CI, 0.24–0.60; P<0.001).

• HR for abelacimab 90 mg versus rivaroxaban: 0.31 (95% CI, 0.19–0.51; P<0.001).

• Safety Profile: AE was similar across all groups with no difference in the severity.

The marked decrease in bleeding events, observed with abelacimab, underscore its efficacy for lowering free factor XI levels. This is one of the emergent therapeutic targets for anticoagulation, which has created a novel mechanism for stroke prevention with reduced risks of bleeding, which is the most important issue for patients having atrial fibrillation.

Abelacimab lowered the incidence of major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events in comparison with rivaroxaban, in patients with atrial fibrillation. This monoclonal antibody seems a promising advancement in anticoagulation therapy that offers a safer way of preventing stroke.

Reference:

Ruff CT, Patel SM, Giugliano RP, Morrow DA, Hug B, Kuder JF, Goodrich EL, Chen SA, Goodman SG, Joung B, Kiss RG, Spinar J, Wojakowski W, Weitz JI, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Parkar S, Bloomfield D, Sabatine MS; AZALEA–TIMI 71 Investigators. Abelacimab versus Rivaroxaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2025 Jan 23;392(4):361-371. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2406674. PMID: 39842011.

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Early-Life Tobacco Exposure Increases Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Study

A recent study revealed that early-life exposure to tobacco significantly elevates the risk of developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) which is often a fatal lung disease. This study published in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society highlighted how genetic susceptibility and accelerated biological aging influence this increased risk.

This prospective cohort study examined the effects of maternal smoking around birth and the age at which individuals began smoking. The results revealed that maternal smoking around the time of birth increased the risk of developing IPF by 26% (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.11-1.43).

The risk of IPF was dramatically higher for individuals who started smoking during childhood (HR: 3.65, 95% CI: 3.02-4.41) when compared to those who never smoked. Adolescents (HR: 2.64, 95% CI: 2.28-3.05) and adults (HR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.79-2.44) who took up smoking also expressed increased risk levels.

Also, one more finding was the additive interaction between genetic susceptibility and early-life tobacco exposure. Those with high genetic risk, maternal smoking exposure, and childhood smoking initiation had an astounding 16-fold greater risk of developing IPF (HR: 16.47, 95% CI: 9.57-28.32) when compared to individuals with low genetic risk and no tobacco exposure.

The study explored how accelerated biological aging, measured by telomere length and phenotypic age, mediated the effects of early-life tobacco exposure on IPF risk. Approximately 10% of the increased risk associated with maternal smoking was explained by these aging markers. This mediation effect was weaker for individuals who began smoking at later stages of life.

Overall, these findings illuminate the importance of protecting children and adolescents from tobacco exposure. The data from this study clearly show that maternal smoking and early smoking initiation create a dangerous combination for lung health, particularly when genetic vulnerability is present.

The results of this study call for stronger public health initiatives to reduce prenatal tobacco exposure and prevent youth from starting to smoke. In addition, it underscores the importance of genetic screening and monitoring biological aging markers for individuals at high risk of developing IPF.

Source:

Zhu, J., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Wang, M., Wang, J., Ding, L., Zhou, D., & Li, Y. (2025). Early-life exposure to tobacco smoke and the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A population-based cohort study. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. https://doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.202409-906oc

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Colchicine may Reduce CV Event Risk with Urate-Lowering Therapy for Gout: study

Colchicine may Reduce CV Event Risk with Urate-Lowering Therapy for Gout, suggests a study published in The Lancet Rheumatology.

Researchers have found in a new study that colchicine may Reduce CV Event Risk with Urate-Lowering Therapy for Gout. Colchicine, used for gout flare prophylaxis, has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients starting urate-lowering therapy, according to findings published in The Lancet Rheumatology. Patients using colchicine had a weighted hazard ratio of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69–0.94) for cardiovascular events.

Initiating urate-lowering therapy can trigger gout flares. Gout flares have been associated with a temporally increased risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with gout initiating urate-lowering therapy with flare prophylaxis using colchicine (the drug recommended for gout flare prohphylaxis by many international societies) compared with no prophylaxis.

They did a retrospective new-user cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum, an English primary-care database linked to hospitalisation and mortality records. People with gout initiating urate-lowering therapy for the first time were eligible for inclusion. We compared people prescribed flare prophylaxis with colchicine with those not prescribed any gout flare prophylaxis. Colchicine prophylaxis (defined as prescription for ≥21 days) prescribed on the same date as urate-lowering therapy was the exposure of interest. A composite of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke within 180 days after urate-lowering therapy initiation regardless of any previous cardiovascular event was the primary outcome. Propensity score overlap weighting was used to balance covariates across study groups. We used Cox regression and performed intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, the latter with an inverse probability of censoring weighting. The association was measured using hazard ratio and risk difference with 95% CIs. Members of The UK Gout Society were involved in prioritising the research question. Findings: Of the 111 460 patients eligible for the study, 99 800 patients with gout initiating urate-lowering therapy were included. 25 511 (25·6%) of 99 800 patients were female, 74 289 (74·4%) were male, 84 928 (85·1%) patients were White and the mean age was 62·8 years (SD 15·5). 4063 (4·1%) patients had previous cardiovascular events and 16 028 (16·1%) patients were prescribed colchicine prophylaxis. Patients with colchicine prophylaxis had significantly lower risk of cardiovascular events compared with those without prophylaxis. The weighted rates of cardiovascular events were 28·8 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 25·2 to 33·2) in patients with colchicine prophylaxis and 35·3 per 1000 person-years (33·0 to 37·9) in those without prophylaxis (weighted rate difference –6·5 [95% CI –9·4 to –3·6] per 1000 person-years and weighted hazard ratio 0·82 [0·69–0·94]) in the intention-to-treat analysis. Findings were similar across analytical approaches, stratified analyses, and for secondary outcomes. In patients with gout initiating urate-lowering therapy, the risk of cardiovascular events was reduced in those prescribed colchicine prophylaxis compared with no prophylaxis. These findings provide an additional argument for using colchicine for gout flare prophylaxis.

Reference:

Cardiovascular events in patients with gout initiating urate-lowering therapy with or without colchicine for flare prophylaxis: a retrospective new-user cohort study using linked primary care, hospitalisation, and mortality data. Cipolletta, Edoardo et al. The Lancet Rheumatology, Volume 0, Issue 0.

Keywords:

Colchicine, Reduce, CV, Event, Risk, Urate-Lowering, Therapy, Gout, suggests, study, The Lancet Rheumatology

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Aspirin Effectively Reduces Cancer Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy: Study

A new study published in the Nature Scientific Reports highlighted the potential benefits of aspirin in reducing biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer. The research was conducted across 25 centers between 2011 and 2022, evaluated nearly 6207 patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (pT2-3N0M0) and compared outcomes between aspirin users and non-users.

The study identified a total of 350 patients in the aspirin group and 5857 in the control group. Using advanced statistical methods, such as 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) and Mahalanobis distance matching (MDM) to create a balanced pairs of 350 patients for a rigorous comparison. The primary focus was on BCR-free survival which is an important indicator of cancer recurrence after treatment.

The results found that the patients in the aspirin group showed significantly improved 3-year BCR-free survival rates when compared to the control group. The BCR-free rate for the aspirin group was 85.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 80.8–89.4), while the control group had rates of 74.5% (PSM; 95% CI 66.5–83.5, p=0.021) and 74.7% (MDM; 95% CI 66.3–84.3, p=0.037).

Also, the analysis of high-risk subgroups yielded even more strong data. Among patients with an International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade of 4 or higher, aspirin use was associated with a significantly lower recurrence rate. The hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence in the aspirin group was 0.44 (95% CI 0.22–0.88, PSM) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.23–0.90, MDM) which suggested nearly a 56% reduced risk of recurrence in these high-risk patients.

The study underlined the potential of aspirin as a supplementary therapy in improving cancer outcomes for patients undergoing RARP for the patients with more aggressive disease profiles. By inhibiting platelet activity, aspirin may reduce cancer progression and reduce the likelihood of residual tumor cells spreading after surgery.

The findings offer a valuable avenue for future research, as well as potential clinical implications for improving post-surgical care. Overall, this study represents a step forward in understanding how readily available medications like aspirin can complement advanced surgical treatments to improve patient outcomes in prostate cancer management.

Reference:

Suzuki, S., Negoro, H., Kubota, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Saito, R., Okuno, T., Segawa, T., Fukuzawa, S., Onishi, H., Hattahara, K., Nagahama, K., Sekine, Y., Kurahashi, R., Shimatani, K., Sawada, A., Akamatsu, S., Nishiyama, H., Goto, T., & Kobayashi, T. (2025). Impact of aspirin on biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after robot assisted radical prostatectomy in a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86521-x

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Compared to adults, Adolescents more prone to gingivitis during clear aligner orthodontic treatment: Study

Compared to adults, adolescents are more prone to developing gingivitis during clear aligner orthodontic treatment suggests a new study published in the BMC Oral Health.

This study aims to analyse the differences in gingivitis incidence among adolescents and adults using clear aligners for orthodontic correction and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention strategies on orthodontic outcomes. This observational study included 120 patients undergoing clear aligner orthodontic treatment from June 2018 to September 2023. Participants were divided into an adolescent group (66 cases) and an adult group (54 cases), each further split into a study group and a control group. The control group patients maintained their daily lifestyle throughout the study period. The study group received personalised oral hygiene education and guidance on self-oral care techniques at each follow-up visit. Routine periodontal treatment and personalised oral hygiene education were provided, and the incidence of gingivitis was evaluated six months post-treatment. Statistical methods, including chi-square tests for categorical data, t-tests for continuous variables, and two-way ANOVA for group comparisons, were employed to ensure the robustness of the results. Results: The incidence of gingivitis was significantly higher in the adolescent group compared to the adult group (P < 0.05). Specifically, within the adolescent group, the study group exhibited a higher gingival index (GI) than the control group (P < 0.05), while the difference in the adult group was not significant. During clear aligner orthodontic treatment, adolescents are more prone to developing gingivitis than adults. Additionally, basic periodontal therapy, as opposed to verbal oral health education alone, can moderately reduce the incidence of gingivitis in clear aligner patients during treatment.

Reference:

Zhang, H., Bi, S. & Zhang, X. Impact of clear aligners on gingivitis incidence and prevention strategies in adolescents and adults: a prospective observational study. BMC Oral Health 25, 75 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05439-y

Keywords:

Compared, adults, Adolescents, more, prone, developing, gingivitis, clear aligner, orthodontic, treatment, BMC Oral Health, Zhang, H., Bi, S. & Zhang, X, Clear aligners, Orthodontics, Gingivitis, Prevention, Periodontal Treatment, Oral Hygiene

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Delaying surgery for three to six months after non-ST-segmented elevation MI reduces complications: JAMA

After a heart attack, aging adults face double or triple the risk of life-threatening complications – like a debilitating stroke or another heart attack – when they move forward with elective noncardiac surgeries too soon, according to new University of Rochester research published in JAMA Surgery.

A deep dive into the Medicare database of 5.2 million surgeries from 2017 to 2020 for patients 67 and older suggests delaying surgery for three to six months following a heart attack, known as a non-ST-segmented elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Researchers aim to identify the “sweet spot” for safely scheduling additional surgical procedures in this high-risk population. The study provides valuable analysis to support changes to decision-making guidelines set more than 20 years ago.

“The data physicians are using for patient care decisions today is outdated. Given the advances in care and the ever-changing mix of patients, clinicians need the latest information,” said Laurent Glance, MD, lead author and professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Public Health Sciences at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC).

The 2014 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association perioperative guidelines call for waiting 60 days after a heart attack before undergoing an elective noncardiac surgery. The recommendation was based on a study of 500,000 patients between 1999 and 2004.

Most post-surgical deaths or significant complications occur during the first 30 days of recovery and perioperative teams work diligently to prevent them. This new analysis shows a decline in risk during the first 90 days, when it leveled off for the next 180 days.

Aging patients often have multiple acute or chronic conditions, and physicians are challenged to balance their risk of surgical care with their expectations for quality of life.

“Perioperative teams analyze a variety of health and lifestyle factors when we assess a patient’s risk and work to optimize their outcomes,” said Marjorie Gloff, MD, a co-author and director of URMC’s Center for Perioperative Medicine. “It can be frustrating for individuals who suffer with joint pain to postpone a long-awaited knee or hip replacement after surviving a heart attack.”

Reference:

Glance LG, Joynt Maddox KE, Thomas S, et al. Time Since Prior NSTEMI and Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events After Noncardiac Surgery. JAMA Surg. Published online October 30, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.4683

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